Methodology of estimating restraint use in children: Roadside observation or parking lot interview survey

Snowdon, Anne; Rothman, Linda; Slater, Morgan; Kolga, Carol; Hussein, Abdulkadir; Boase, Paul; Howard, Andrew

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2010.02.020

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Potential reasons for this large discrepancy are that 1) Alberta had the highest proportion (63.9%) of proper child restraint use in the country in the 2006 National Roadside Observational Survey, 7 2) older booster-eligible children who are at the highest risk of improper seat choice were underrepresented in our survey, 3) those who suspected their restraint practices were erroneous may have been less likely to choose to participate, 4) seats were inspected after the child had been restrained by the driver under direct observation and 5) booster seat parking lot interviews have been proven to underestimate misuse compared with roadside observations. 10 In fact, in a subsequent survey in 2010 Snowdon et al reported Canadian estimates of booster seat misuse obtained from parking lot interviews using methodology similar to that of our survey to be much lower, at 29.1%, which is more closely aligned with our estimates. 10 This survey has several additional limitations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…10 In fact, in a subsequent survey in 2010 Snowdon et al reported Canadian estimates of booster seat misuse obtained from parking lot interviews using methodology similar to that of our survey to be much lower, at 29.1%, which is more closely aligned with our estimates. 10 This survey has several additional limitations. First, only children attending childcare centres were included, and it is not known whether the prevalence of misuse in this group is different from that in the group not attending childcare centres.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Refusals were also low (20.5%) compared with prior parking lot interviews in Canada. 10 Our survey represents new data for Alberta, providing valuable baseline information for researchers, health professionals and policy-makers. While the observed prevalence of proper booster seat use in Alberta may be high relative to other provinces, it still lags behind the rate of adult seatbelt use by a substantial margin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Enactment of booster seat legislation has commonly been followed by increased usage proportions and reductions in motor vehicle collision injuries and deaths among children. [10][11][12] While recent observational surveys suggest that the proportion of correct child restraint use in Alberta among all children under the age of 9 may be among the highest in the country, there is still considerable room for improvement to both legislation and overall prevalence rates, given Canada's ongoing goal of reducing motor vehicle collision fatalities and serious injuries as part of Road Safety Strategy 2015, as well as the overarching goal of having the safest roads in the world. 7,[13][14][15] This study used cross-sectional survey data to determine the prevalence of booster seat misuse in Alberta and identify important determinants of non-use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and predictors of booster seat use in Alberta, Canada

Golonka

Dobbs

Rowe

et al. 2016

Can J Public Health

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of booster seat misuse in a Canadian province and identify determinants of non-use. METHODS:A cross-sectional study using parking lot interviews and in-vehicle restraint inspections by trained staff was conducted at 67 randomly selected childcare centres across Alberta. Only booster-eligible children were included in this analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) are reported using unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression. RESULTS:Overall, 23% of children were not in a booster seat, and in 31.8% of cases there was evidence of at least one misuse. Non-use increased significantly by age, from 22.2% for children 2 years of age to 47.8% for children 7 years of age (p = 0.02). Children who were at significantly increased risk of booster seat non-use were those in vehicles with drivers who could not recall the booster seat to seatbelt transition point (OR: 4.54; 95% CI: 2.05-10.06) or drivers who were under the age of 30 (OR: 3.54; 95% CI: 1.45-8.62). A front row seating position was also associated with significantly higher risk of nonuse (OR: 18.00; 95% CI: 2.78-116.56). Children in vehicles with grandparent drivers exhibited significantly decreased risk of booster seat non-use (OR: 0.21; 95% CI: 0.05-0.85). CONCLUSION:Messaging should continue to stress that the front seat is not a safe place for any child under the age of 9 as well as remind drivers of the booster seat to seatbelt transition point, with additional emphasis placed on appealing to parents under the age of 30. Future research should focus on the most effective means of communicating booster seat information to this group. Enacting mandatory booster seat legislation would be an important step to increase both awareness and proper use of booster seats in Alberta.KEY WORDS: Child restraint systems; seatbelts; booster seats; car seats La traduction du résumé se trouve à la fin de l'article.Can J Public Health 2016;107(2):e155-e160 doi: 10.17269/CJPH.107.5254F or children to travel safely in an automobile, specialized restraint devices are required. Canadian guidelines state that in order to keep children safe in the vehicle they must be in a rear-facing seat until they weigh at least 22 lbs (10 kg), a forwardfacing seat until they weigh at least 40 lbs (18 kg) and a booster seat until they weigh at least 80 lbs (36 kg). 1 Parents are encouraged to keep children within each stage as long as possible, according to either these guidelines or the instructions specific to their seat. 1 In keeping with these national guidelines, all Canadian provinces with the exception of Alberta have enacted mandatory legislation addressing all three seat types and transition points. In Alberta, rear-facing and forward-facing seats are required by law, whereas booster seat use until at least 80 lbs (36 kg) carries a recommendation only. 2 Booster seats reposition the height and angle of the seatbelt tightly across the chest and lower on the waist, increasing protection from injury and death in the event of...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Prevalence and predictors of booster seat use in Alberta, Canada

Golonka

Dobbs

Rowe

et al. 2016

Can J Public Health

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show abstract

“…Therefore, an incorrect estimate of child age may result in a misclassification of proper occupant restraint 5 6. Some studies have tried to assess the accuracy of child age estimates in observational surveys,5 7 but to our knowledge, none have calculated the impact of errors in age assignment on the classification of proper or compliant restraint use. For the purposes of this study, compliant restraint use was based on the 2009 Texas Child Passenger Safety law.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%