Methodology for the in situ testing of the moisture content of brick walls: an example of application

Hoła, Anna

doi:10.1007/s43452-020-00120-3

Cited by 19 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Test results, obtained through use ofmercury intrusion porosimetry, are given in Table 6 and shown in Figures 7 and 8. The study shows that the samples extracted from masonry units operated for 35 years in outdoor environmental conditions have a total porosity value of 33.35% and a bulk density of 1.668 g/cm 3 . Group B samples stored in laboratory conditions have a similar total porosity value of 33.25% and a bulk density of 1.680 g/cm 3 to group A samples.…”

Section: Porositymentioning

confidence: 96%

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The Influence of External Environmental Conditions on Properties of Ceramic Building Materials with Waste Material Additives

2021

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In this paper, we analyze the state of conservation of ceramic building materials (clay masonry units) containing a large share of waste materials in the form of ash and slag from coal combustion and sawdust from wood processing, operated for several decades in facing walls of religious buildings, in external environment conditions. For the purpose of this analysis, comparative tests were carried out on the samples of ceramic materials cut out from facing walls and samples extracted from the same ceramic materials; they were stored in laboratory conditions for the entire time. The following were investigated: initial water absorption, capillary rise, and porosity structure determined with mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP). The research has shown, among other things, that the ceramic materials exploited in the external environment are characterized by an almost twofold increase in the initial rate of water absorption and by a different size of dominant pores and a pore size distribution in comparison with ceramic materials stored in laboratory conditions. The results, obtained for ceramic building materials (clay masonry units) containing the above-mentioned waste materials in their composition, constitute a novelty. They fill a gap in the literature by establishing how decades-long operation in natural conditions affected the capillary properties and the porosity structure of the ceramics under investigation. Based on the obtained research results, conclusions of cognitive and practical significance have been formulated that relate to the possibility of the exploitation of facing walls made of investigated ceramic materials.

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Section: Porositymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…It is important that these walls are protected against capillary rising water from the ground and do not show moisture damage typically caused by water in combination with soluble salts [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of External Environmental Conditions on Properties of Ceramic Building Materials with Waste Material Additives

2021

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“…Holownia [9] showed that linear bridges are responsible for about 20% of the total heat losses through the external wall. In areas where thermal bridges occur, in addition to the increase in heat flow, there is a decrease in temperature, which may cause surface 2 of 16 condensation and mould appearance [10]. Ujma and Kysiak [11] indicated that, apart from deterioration in user comfort (e.g., lower room temperature, occurrence of air drafts), thermal bridges also contribute to crack formation on the building facade.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Heat Flow at Window-to-Wall Interface

Pomada

Adamus

Boruszewski³

2022

Energies

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External walls have a great influence on the thermal and humidity conditions in buildings as well as on the possibility of reducing energy consumption. While the structural and material aspects of walls and windows are well known, obtaining a tight connection to reduce thermal bridges between the window and walls still poses a significant problem. Therefore, a new window installation system proposed by the authors, eliminating linear and point thermal bridges at the window-to-wall interface, opens a pathway for lowering energy consumption in buildings and increasing thermal comfort and thermal efficiency. To prove the effectiveness of this system, numerical and experimental analyses of heat flow through an outer wall with a window were carried out. The numerical analyses were performed using the TRISCO software package. It was shown that the proposed solution eliminated the occurrence of linear thermal bridges at the window-to-wall interface (a linear heat transmittance coefficient ψ ≈ 0.007, which meets the requirements of the passive house, was obtained). Thus, heat losses were reduced by nearly eight times compared to conventional installation systems. Numerical calculations were experimentally verified.

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“…A significant concern is the presence of moisture inside brick walls, which can have serious consequences for the health of people who live in these structures and the maintenance and dependability of the buildings in question [1,2]. Monuments and medieval and historical structures are particularly vulnerable to moisture damage [3]. In order to protect the foundations of buildings built more than a century ago from soil moisture, simple procedures were used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Concept of Using LSTM to Detect Moisture in Brick Walls by Means of Electrical Impedance Tomography

et al. 2021

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This paper refers to an original concept of tomographic measurement of brick wall humidity using an algorithm based on long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks. The measurement vector was treated as a data sequence with a single time step in the presented study. This approach enabled the use of an algorithm utilising a recurrent deep neural network of the LSTM type as a system for converting the measurement vector into output images. A prototype electrical impedance tomograph was used in the research. The LSTM network, which is often employed for time series classification, was used to tackle the inverse problem. The task of the LSTM network was to convert 448 voltage measurements into spatial images of a selected section of a historical building’s brick wall. The 3D tomographic image mesh consisted of 11,297 finite elements. A novelty is using the measurement vector as a single time step sequence consisting of 448 features (channels). Through the appropriate selection of network parameters and the training algorithm, it was possible to obtain an LSTM network that reconstructs images of damp brick walls with high accuracy. Additionally, the reconstruction times are very short.

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Methodology for the in situ testing of the moisture content of brick walls: an example of application

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

The Influence of External Environmental Conditions on Properties of Ceramic Building Materials with Waste Material Additives

The Influence of External Environmental Conditions on Properties of Ceramic Building Materials with Waste Material Additives

Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Heat Flow at Window-to-Wall Interface

The Concept of Using LSTM to Detect Moisture in Brick Walls by Means of Electrical Impedance Tomography

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