Methodology for the Evaluation of CO<sub>2</sub>‐Based Syntheses by Coupling Steel Industry with Chemical Industry

Stießel, Sebastian; Berger, Angelina; Sanchis, Elvira María Fernández; Ziegmann, Markus

doi:10.1002/cite.201800030

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Due to the relatively high CO, CO 2 , and H 2 content in steel mill gases, they are a potentially attractive alternative as a feedstock for the chemical industry. Desired molecules could be captured, or products could be produced directly from the gas, leading to an extensive range of possible chemical products (Stießel et al, 2018). Although there have been many studies on producing basic chemicals from pure CO 2 (Aresta, 2010;Quadrelli et al, 2011;Artz et al, 2018;Chauvy et al, 2019), there has been hardly any work focusing on using combinations of CO and CO 2 (as is present in BFG).…”

Section: Chemical Uses For Steel Mill Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving Economic Potential and GHG Emissions of Steel Mill Gas for Chemical Industry

et al. 2021

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To combat global warming, industry needs to find ways to reduce its carbon footprint. One way this can be done is by re-use of industrial flue gasses to produce value-added chemicals. Prime example feedstocks for the chemical industry are the three flue gasses produced during conventional steel production: blast furnace gas (BFG), basic oxygen furnace gas (BOFG), and coke oven gas (COG), due to their relatively high CO, CO2, or H2 content, allowing the production of carbon-based chemicals such as methanol or polymers. It is essential to know for decision-makers if using steel mill gas as a feedstock is more economically favorable and offers a lower global warming impact than benchmark CO and H2. Also, crucial information is which of the three steel mill gasses is the most favorable and under what conditions. This study presents a method for the estimation of the economic value and global warming impact of steel mill gasses, depending on the amount of steel mill gas being utilized by the steel production plant for different purposes at a given time and the economic cost and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions required to replace these usages. Furthermore, this paper investigates storage solutions for steel mill gas. Replacement cost per ton of CO is found to be less than the benchmark for both BFG (50–70 €/ton) and BOFG (100–130 €/ton), and replacement cost per ton of H2 (1800–2100 €/ton) is slightly less than the benchmark for COG. Of the three kinds of steel mill gas, blast furnace gas is found to be the most economically favorable while also requiring the least emissions to replace per ton of CO and CO2. The GHG emissions replacement required to use BFG (0.43–0.55 tons-CO2-eq./ton CO) is less than for conventional processes to produce CO and CO2, and therefore BFG, in particular, is a potentially desirable chemical feedstock. The method used by this model could also easily be used to determine the value of flue gasses from other industrial plants.

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Section: Chemical Uses For Steel Mill Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deriving Economic Potential and GHG Emissions of Steel Mill Gas for Chemical Industry

et al. 2021

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“…For MeOH production with H 2 and CO 2 , minimum load values in the range of 10-20% of the nominal load have been reported [56,63,122]. Maximum ramp rates from 20%/h to up to minimum to full load within minutes appear possible [56,62,123]. Data on the dynamic operation of industrial-scale MeOH reformers are scarce.…”

Section: Load Flexibilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generic CO 2 -based MeOH production process[37].The most commonly applied catalyst for CO 2 -based MeOH production is based on copper (Cu): Cu/ZnO/Al 2 O 3[59][60][61]. This catalyst is relatively cheap and has been proven to be able to operate under fluctuating conditions[60][61][62]. Minimum loads down to 10% of the design capacity should be possible in CO 2 -based MeOH production[63].The production of MeOH from CO 2 is, as mentioned, an exothermic process.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of Liquid Hydrogen Carriers in Hydrogen Steelmaking

Andersson

2021

Energies

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Steelmaking is responsible for approximately one third of total industrial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Hydrogen (H2) direct reduction (H-DR) may be a feasible route towards the decarbonization of primary steelmaking if H2 is produced via electrolysis using fossil-free electricity. However, electrolysis is an electricity-intensive process. Therefore, it is preferable that H2 is predominantly produced during times of low electricity prices, which is enabled by storage of H2. This work compares the integration of H2 storage in four liquid carriers, methanol (MeOH), formic acid (FA), ammonia (NH3) and perhydro-dibenzyltoluene (H18-DBT), in H-DR processes. In contrast to conventional H2 storage methods, these carriers allow for H2 storage in liquid form at ambient moderate overpressures, reducing the storage capacity cost. The main downside to liquid H2 carriers is that thermochemical processes are necessary for both the storage and release processes, often with significant investment and operational costs. The carriers are compared using thermodynamic and economic data to estimate operational and capital costs in the H-DR context considering process integration options. It is concluded that the use of MeOH is promising compared to both the other considered carriers. For large storage volumes, MeOH-based H2 storage may also be an attractive option for the underground storage of compressed H2. The other considered liquid H2 carriers suffer from large thermodynamic barriers for hydrogenation (FA) or dehydrogenation (NH3, H18-DBT) and higher investment costs. However, for the use of MeOH in an H-DR process to be practically feasible, questions regarding process flexibility and the optimal sourcing of CO2 and heat must be answered.

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“…Stießel et al [8] identify promising cross-industrial process concepts that use high levels of renewable energies that link carbon-intensive sectors like the steel industry with the chemical industry. The authors focus on economically and ecologically favorable configurations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of Methanol and Urea Production from Catalytic Conversion of Steel Mill Gases

Schlüter

Geitner

2020

Chemie Ingenieur Technik

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The time‐dependent operation of methanol, ammonia, and urea production units embedded in a steel mill environment is analyzed with dynamic simulation models. From different process concepts and gas availability scenarios, a set of simulation cases is defined with blast furnace gas as carbon and coke oven gas as hydrogen source. Dynamic simulations indicate that significant CO2 reductions require large amounts of additional H2 from sustainable sources. From the results, global data such as carbon footprint or energy demands and details about process unit operation are obtained and processed.

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Methodology for the Evaluation of CO₂‐Based Syntheses by Coupling Steel Industry with Chemical Industry

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Deriving Economic Potential and GHG Emissions of Steel Mill Gas for Chemical Industry

Deriving Economic Potential and GHG Emissions of Steel Mill Gas for Chemical Industry

Application of Liquid Hydrogen Carriers in Hydrogen Steelmaking

Simulation of Methanol and Urea Production from Catalytic Conversion of Steel Mill Gases

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Methodology for the Evaluation of CO2‐Based Syntheses by Coupling Steel Industry with Chemical Industry

Cited by 18 publications

References 42 publications

Deriving Economic Potential and GHG Emissions of Steel Mill Gas for Chemical Industry

Deriving Economic Potential and GHG Emissions of Steel Mill Gas for Chemical Industry

Application of Liquid Hydrogen Carriers in Hydrogen Steelmaking

Simulation of Methanol and Urea Production from Catalytic Conversion of Steel Mill Gases

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Methodology for the Evaluation of CO₂‐Based Syntheses by Coupling Steel Industry with Chemical Industry