Methodology for the economic optimisation of energy storage systems for frequency support in wind power plants

Abstract

This paper proposes a methodology for the economic optimisation of the sizing of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) whilst enhancing the participation of Wind Power Plants (WPP) in network primary frequency control support. A generalised approach was taken for the design of the methodology, so it can be applied to different energy markets and concerning different ESSs. The methodology includes the formulation and solving of a Linear Programming (LP) problem.The methodology was applied to the particular case of a 50 MW WPP, equipped with Vanadium Redox Flow battery (VRB) in the UK energy market. Analysis is performed considering real data on the regular and frequency response markets of UK. Data for wind power generation and energy storage costs are estimated from literature.Results suggest that, under certain assumptions, ESSs can be profitable for the operator of a WPP that is providing frequency response. The ESS provides power reserves such that the WPP can generate close to the maximum energy available. The solution of the optimisation problem establishes that an ESS with a power rating of 5.3 MW and energy capacity of about 3 MWh would be enough to provide such service whilst maximizing the incomes for the WPP operator considering the regular and frequency regulation UK markets.Methodology for the economic optimisation of energy storage systems for frequency support in wind power plants Abstract This paper proposes a methodology for the economic optimisation of the sizing of Energy Storage Systems (ESSs) whilst enhancing the participation of Wind Power Plants (WPP) in network primary frequency control support. A generalised approach was taken for the design of the methodology, so it can be applied to different energy markets and concerning different ESSs. The methodology includes the formulation and solving of a Linear Programming (LP) problem.The methodology was applied to the particular case of a 50 MW WPP, equipped with Vanadium Redox Flow battery (VRB) in the UK energy market. Analysis is performed considering real data on the regular and frequency response markets of UK. Data for wind power generation and energy storage costs are estimated from literature.Results suggest that, under certain assumptions, ESSs can be profitable for the operator of a WPP that is providing frequency response. The ESS provides power reserves such that the WPP can generate close to the maximum energy available. The solution of the optimisation problem establishes that an ESS with a power rating of 5.3 MW and energy capacity of about 3 MWh would be enough to provide such service whilst maximizing the incomes for the WPP operator considering the regular and frequency regulation UK markets.

Storage sizing for grid connected hybrid wind and storage power plants taking into account forecast errors autocorrelation

“…The work in [15] showed that pumped storage can be also very useful in isolated systems, improving both the dynamic security and the economic operation of the grid. Another example is presented in [16] where the sizing of a battery for a grid connected wind farm in order to provide frequency support is described. Research on storage sizing for renewable energy integration is driven in part by the high capital cost of storage.…”

“…The resulting time series is scaled as shown in Equation (15) in order to obtain the desired standard deviation σ. The time series is then filtered in order to remove the elements larger than 1 in absolute value as shown in Equation (16).…”

Integration of Lithium-Ion Battery Storage Systems in Hydroelectric Plants for Supplying Primary Control Reserve

“…Vanadium batteries supporting wind power plants to provide PCR are discussed in [29], whereas time shifting is investigated in [30] according to U.K. policy requirements. An installation of 1.6 MW/0.4 MWh Li-ion battery combined with a wind power plant in Denmark providing ancillary services is described in [31].…”

Security assessment due to increased wind generation in a complex power grid

“…Thus, the use of energy storage could be profitable for the operator of a wind power plant that is participating in frequency regulation. It is to be mentioned that the research works presented in [63][64][65] do not suggest a safe margin of wind penetration in order to ensure a satisfactory frequency response in a power system. Expansion of wind generation in different real-world power networks are described in [29,[66][67][68][69].…”

“…For instance, hourly analyses of electricity supply and demand of New York State are performed using a deterministic model in [64] to show that adaptation of a heat pump could be beneficial to increasing the utilisation of wind power. On the other hand, energy storage systems are deployed in [65] to enhance the participation of wind power plants in primary frequency regulation. It is found that energy storage can provide power reserves.…”