Methodology for retrospectively developing a BIM model from point cloud scans using ongoing building project as case study

Abstract

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the suggestions that construction processes could be considerably improved by integrating building information modelling (BIM) with 3D laser scanning technologies. This case study integrated 3D laser point cloud scans with BIM to explore the effects of BIM adoption on ongoing construction project, whilst evaluating the utility of 3D laser scanning technology for producing structural 3D models by converting point cloud data (PCD) into BIM. Design/methodology/approach The primary data acquisition adopted the use of Trimble X7 laser scanning process, which is a set of data points in the scanned space that represent the scanned structure. The implementation of BIM with the 3D PCD to explore the precision and effectiveness of the construction processes as well as the as-built condition of a structure was precisely captured using the 3D laser scanning technology to recreate accurate and exact 3D models capable of being used to find and fix problems during construction. Findings The findings indicate that the integration of BIM and 3D laser scanning technology has the tendency to mitigate issues such as building rework, improved project completion times, reduced project cost, enhanced interdisciplinary communication, cooperation and collaboration amongst the project duty holders, which ultimately enhances the overall efficiency of the construction project. Research limitations/implications The acquisition of data using 3D laser scanner is usually conducted from the ground. Therefore, certain aspects of the building could potentially disturb data acquisition; for example, the gable and sections of eaves (fascia and soffit) could be left in a blind spot. Data acquisition using 3D laser scanner technology takes time, and the processing of the vast amount of data acquired is laborious, and if not carefully analysed, could result in errors in generated models. Furthermore, because this was an ongoing construction project, material stockpiling and planned construction works obstructed and delayed the seamless capture of scanned data points. Originality/value These findings highlight the significance of integrating BIM and 3D laser scanning technology in the construction process and emphasise the value of advanced data collection methods for effectively managing construction projects and streamlined workflows.

Practicalities of Incorporating 3D Laser Scanning with BIM in Live Construction Projects: A Case Study

“…Previous research has concentrated on the integration of BIM and 3D laser scanning in existing or historical buildings, with less attention to ongoing construction projects [28,29,31]. Concerning the conventional construction management processes, Building Information Models (BIMs) may lose their efficacy when the embedded information cannot be synchronised with the current construction processes in real time.…”

“…The unique nature of BIM as a process is its capability to be supported by various technologies and protocols that involve the generation, storage, management, and sharing of digital representations of the physical and functional properties of the building [11]. Despite the growing demand for efficient and sustainable buildings, which are tied to technological changes, the construction industry still struggles to keep up with the desired technological advancements and adoption, which impact efficient project deliveries, delays, and cost overruns [28,48]. These further highlight some of the inefficiencies of traditional management methods and why the adoption of technologies that facilitate efficient collaboration amongst stakeholders throughout the entire building lifecycle should be a priority.…”

“…Subsequently, these point clouds can be processed to extract significant information, generate precise representations and be used to identify objects, quantify volumes and determine other distances, ultimately resulting in the creation of semantically rich 3D models [29,50]. Extant studies have mainly focused on the integration of BIM and 3D laser scanning in existing, heritage, or historical buildings [28,29,31], with a lack of attention given to the adoption of this technology for new and ongoing large-scale construction projects. This gap in the literature is significant, as the lack of this information means BIM cannot be synchronised with ongoing building processes in real time.…”

“…The converted point cloud data into BIM models can offer precise as-built documentation. The point cloud data, BIM models, and documentation can facilitate more efficient construction and project management by providing a holistic view of a building's entire lifecycle [28,43]. This integration, enabled by the digital nature of BIM processes, can also assist with reducing the risk of errors and misunderstandings among stakeholders, leading to more effective management, maintenance, and operation [2].…”

“…Therefore, understanding these applications' technical characteristics and details is crucial in determining 3D laser scanning technology adoption in construction projects [24,25], as indicated in the objectives of this article in Section 2. Moreover, laser scanning technology utilises laser light to capture spatial data, including height, longitude, and latitude in three coordinates, resulting in millions of points forming unstructured Point Cloud Data (PCD) [26][27][28]. PCD is then processed to extract essential information, create precise representations, identify objects, quantify volumes, and measure distances, ultimately developing semantically rich 3D models [29,30].…”