Methodology for <i>in situ</i> synchrotron X-ray studies in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell

Mézouar, M.; Giampaoli, Ruggero; Garbarino, Gastón; Kantor, Innokenty; Dewaele, Agnès; Weck, Gunnar; Boccato, Silvia; Svitlyk, Volodymyr; Rosa, Angelika Dorothea; Torchio, R.; Mathon, O.; Hignette, O.; Bauchau, S.

doi:10.1080/08957959.2017.1306626

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Diffraction patterns were collected on a MarCCD camera, with collection times of 30–60 s. Samples were heated on both sides by two continuous Nd:YAG fiber lasers (TEM00), each one delivering up to 200 W. Hot spots were approximately 20 μm in diameter, much larger than the full width at half maximum of the focused X‐ray beam. All temperatures were measured by the spectroradiometric method, using a Planck fit of the observed blackbody radiation from the center of the heating spot, as described by Mezouar et al (). While absolute errors in temperature are on the order of 150 K, the measured temperature was seen to vary by less than 30 K during pattern integration (averaged over three to five measurements per diffraction pattern).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Velocity‐Density Systematics of Fe‐5wt%Si: Constraints on Si Content in the Earth's Inner Core

et al. 2019

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The elasticity of hcp-Fe-5wt%Si has been investigated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction up to 110 GPa and 2,100 K and by picosecond acoustics measurements at ambient temperature up to 115 GPa. The established Pressure-Volume-Temperature equation of state shows that the density of the Earth's inner core can be matched by an Fe-Si alloy with 5wt% Si for all reasonable core temperatures, but that its compressional and shear velocities remain too high with respect to seismological observations. On the other hand, Fe-Si alloys whose velocities are expected to get close to seismological observations are too dense at relevant temperatures. Thus, based on these combined velocity-density measurements, silicon is not likely to be the sole light element in the inner core.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Velocity‐Density Systematics of Fe‐5wt%Si: Constraints on Si Content in the Earth's Inner Core

et al. 2019

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“…about ± 5 GPa at megabar conditions. The temperature was measured basing on the sample thermal emission (black body radiation) collected using Schwarzschild mirrors 43 . Considering various sources of error, including both radial and axial temperature gradients in the laser-heated sample, pressure evolution of the sample emissivity and temperature fluctuations with time, the total uncertainty of the temperature determined using the Planck radiation function can be estimated to be around ± 150 K for the experimental setup employed in this study 44 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystalline polymeric carbon dioxide stable at megabar pressures

et al. 2018

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Carbon dioxide is a widespread simple molecule in the Universe. In spite of its simplicity it has a very complex phase diagram, forming both amorphous and crystalline extended phases above 40 GPa. The stability range and nature of these phases are still debated, especially in view of their possible role within the deep carbon cycle. Here, we report static synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman high-pressure experiments in the megabar range providing evidence for the stability of the polymeric phase V at pressure-temperature conditions relevant to the Earth’s lowermost mantle. The equation of state has been extended to 120 GPa and, contrary to earlier experimental findings, neither dissociation into diamond and ε-oxygen nor ionization was observed. Severe deviatoric stress and lattice deformation along with preferred orientation are removed on progressive annealing, thus suggesting CO2-V as the stable structure also above one megabar.

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“…Systematic errors in the temperature measurement using refractive or reflective lenses, respectively used by Aquilanti et al (2015) and Anzellini et al (2013), have been recently investigated , pointing out that such a large discrepancy (900 K at 100 GPa) cannot be ascribed to the use of different optics. The effect of chemical reactions with the pressure medium and/or diamonds has been discussed for tantalum (Dewaele et al, 2010;Mezouar et al, 2017) and is still under investigation for the case of iron. Nickel is much less reactive than iron thus reducing the possible occurrence of chemical reactions (Lord, Wood, et al, 2014).…”

Section: Review Of Experimental Techniques For the Determination Of Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Possible reasons for this discrepancy are systematic errors in the temperature detection, sample modifications such as reactions, or misinterpretation of the solid‐liquid transition signature. Systematic errors in the temperature measurement using refractive or reflective lenses, respectively used by Aquilanti et al () and Anzellini et al (), have been recently investigated (Mezouar et al, ), pointing out that such a large discrepancy (900 K at 100 GPa) cannot be ascribed to the use of different optics. The effect of chemical reactions with the pressure medium and/or diamonds has been discussed for tantalum (Dewaele et al, ; Mezouar et al, ) and is still under investigation for the case of iron.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Melting Curve of Nickel Up to 100 GPa Explored by XAS

et al. 2017

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Precise knowledge of the melting temperatures of iron, nickel, and their alloys at pressures of the deep Earth would allow us to better constrain the parameters used for the Earth's heat budget and dynamics. However, melting curves of transition metals at pressures approaching 100 GPa and above are still controversial. To address this issue, we report new data on the melting temperature of nickel in a laser‐heated diamond anvil cell up to 100 GPa obtained by X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), a technique rarely used at such conditions. We couple this for the first time to ex situ analysis of the sample, providing a further validation of the melting criterion adopted here. Finally, a Simon‐Glatzel fit to the melting data obtained in this work, combined with those obtained in the most recent X‐ray diffraction experiments, gives TM(K)=1727×[]PM17±3+112.5±0.1, defining the most up‐to‐date X‐ray‐determined melting curve for Ni. This result confirms that Ni could be ignored in the discussion on melting properties and thermal profile of the Earth's core, as it should affect the Fe melting point by only 10–20 K at 90 GPa.

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Methodology for in situ synchrotron X-ray studies in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell

Cited by 36 publications

References 20 publications

Velocity‐Density Systematics of Fe‐5wt%Si: Constraints on Si Content in the Earth's Inner Core

Velocity‐Density Systematics of Fe‐5wt%Si: Constraints on Si Content in the Earth's Inner Core

Crystalline polymeric carbon dioxide stable at megabar pressures

The Melting Curve of Nickel Up to 100 GPa Explored by XAS

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