Methodology for Formulating Diesel Surrogate Fuels with Accurate Compositional, Ignition-Quality, and Volatility Characteristics

Mueller, Charles J.; Cannella, William; Bruno, Thomas J.; Bunting, Bruce G.; Dettman, Heather D.; Franz, James A.; Huber, Marcia L.; Natarajan, Mani; Pitz, William J.; Ratcliff, Matthew A.; Wright, K.C.

doi:10.1021/ef300303e

Cited by 244 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The CRC Project AVFL-18a panel [10,11] described the methodology to obtain multicomponent surrogate fuels that match the physico-chemical properties of a reference diesel fuel, as well as the combustion characteristics. The following paragraphs regarding the multi-component fuels briefly describe the methods, but more importantly summarize the information relevant to the present study.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The whole process to formulate, blend and characterize the different surrogates was described in great detail in Refs. [10,11]. Two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection performed as part of the target fuel characterization undertaken in Refs.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two-dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection performed as part of the target fuel characterization undertaken in Refs. [10,11] revealed that the target fuel contained on the order of 5000 individual components or isomers. The surrogate formulation method relied on a predefined palette of components, as mentioned above.…”

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Coordinating Research Council (CRC) has developed advanced surrogates for diesel combustion research purposes. They produced several multicomponent surrogates with the objective of determining which surrogates best capture the physical and chemical properties of the target diesel fuel and why [10,11]. The target fuel, as well as the different surrogate fuels created by the CRC have undergone detailed characterization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcritical mixing of sprays for multi-component fuel mixtures

Manin

Crua

Pickett

2017

Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2017. 28th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems

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The mixing of fuels with oxidizer has been an increasingly interesting area of research with new engine technologies and the need to reduce emissions, while leveraging efficiency. High-efficiency combustion systems such as diesel engines rely on elevated chamber pressures to maximize power density, producing higher output. In such systems, the fuel is injected under liquid state in a chamber filled with pressurized air at high temperatures. Theoretical calculations on the thermodynamics of fuel mixing processes under these conditions suggest that the injected liquid can undergo a transcritical change of state. Our previous experimental efforts in that regard showed through highspeed imaging that spray droplets transition to fluid parcels mixing without notable surface tension forces, supporting a transcritical process. Only mono-component fuels were used in these studies to provide full control over boundary conditions, which prevented extrapolation of the findings to real systems in which multi-component fuels are injected. Multi-component fuels add another layer of complexity, especially when detailed experiments serve model development, requiring the fuels to be well characterized. In this work, we performed high-speed microscopy in the near-field of high-pressure sprays injected into elevated temperature and pressure environments. A reference diesel fuel and several multi-component surrogates were studied and compared to single component fuels. The results support that a transition occurs under certain thermodynamic conditions for all fuels. As anticipated, the transition from classical evaporation to diffusive mixing is affected by ambient conditions, fuel properties, droplet size and velocity, as well as time scales. Analogous to previous observations made with the normal alkane sprays, the behavior of the multi-component fuels correlate well with their bulk critical properties. KeywordsDiesel sprays, Transcritical mixing, Multi-component fuels. IntroductionDespite the growth of alternative technologies for power generation in transportations systems, these technologies only represent a fraction of the worldwide vehicle fleet. Forecasts predict that thermal engines are still going to be highly dominant in decades to come [1]. The same predictions expect a 75 % increase in fuel demand between air, marine and rail transportation, while heavy-duty alone would account for 40 % of the total transportation energy demand. Even with the substantial improvements in gasoline direct-injection and the development of promising new combustion strategies (e.g., homogeneous-charge compression-ignition, spray-guided spark ignition or gasoline compression-ignition), heavy-duty, marine and rail transportation are expected to rely on diesel combustion for years to come. The mixing process between the injected fuel and the oxidizer in diesel engines has been long identified as a key parameter to efficient and clean combustion. Experiments have been devoted to understanding mixing under such conditions, but gaps remain ...

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Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Experimental Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Transcritical mixing of sprays for multi-component fuel mixtures

Manin

Crua

Pickett

2017

Proceedings ILASS–Europe 2017. 28th Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Small alkanes (< C5) constitute almost all of the composition of natural and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), whereas larger straight or branched alkanes (≥ C5) are the primary constituents of gasoline, diesel and aviation fuels [1][2][3][4]. Hydrogen abstraction reactions from alkanes by hydroxyl radicals (OH + RH → R + H 2 O) are the primary oxidation pathways of these fuels at combustion conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An experimental and theoretical study on the kinetic isotope effect of C2H6 and C2D6 reaction with OH

Khaled

Giri

Szőri

et al. 2015

Chemical Physics Letters

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The Effect of Functional Groups in Bio‐Derived Fuel Candidates

et al. 2016

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Interest in developing renewable fuels is continuing to grow and biomass represents a viable source of renewable carbon with which to replace fossil-based components in transportation fuels. During our own work, we noticed that chemists think in terms of functional groups whereas fuel engineers think in terms of physical fuel properties. In this Concept article, we discuss the effect of carbon and oxygen functional groups on potential fuel properties. This serves as a way of informing our own thinking and provides us with a basis with which to design and synthesize molecules from biomass that could provide useful transportation fuels.

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Methodology for Formulating Diesel Surrogate Fuels with Accurate Compositional, Ignition-Quality, and Volatility Characteristics

Cited by 244 publications

References 64 publications

Transcritical mixing of sprays for multi-component fuel mixtures

Transcritical mixing of sprays for multi-component fuel mixtures

An experimental and theoretical study on the kinetic isotope effect of C2H6 and C2D6 reaction with OH

The Effect of Functional Groups in Bio‐Derived Fuel Candidates

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