Methodology for demonstrating and measuring the photocytotoxicity of fluoranthene to fish cells in culture

Schirmer, Kristin; Chan, A.G.J.; Greenberg, Bruce M.; Dixon, D. George; Bols, Niels C.

doi:10.1016/s0887-2333(97)00002-7

Cited by 210 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Previously, using the alamar Blue and CFDA-AM cytotoxicity assays, we had observed that cytotoxicity was more pronounced 24 h after the termination of a concurrent fluoranthene and UV exposure than after 2 h. In the case of fluoranthene photocytotoxicity, the membrane impairment appears to be due to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the membrane (Schirmer et al, 1997). In the case of direct cytotoxicity, the membrane impairment appears to be due to a different mechanism, likely the physical disruption of membrane integrity and fluidity by the presence of PAH molecules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At confluency, the culture medium was removed and each well rinsed once with 500 vl of L-15/ex, a modification of Leibovitz's L-15 medium developed specifically for presenting PAHs to the cells either in the dark or with a concurrent UV radiation exposure (Schirmer et al, 1997). A description of the constituents of L-15/ex and preparation procedures have been outlined previously (Schirmer et al, 1997). After the rinse, all wells received 500 vl of L-15/ex.…”

Section: Cell Culture and Cytotoxicity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The alamar Blue and CFDA-AM indicator dyes were used in combination as described in Schirmer et al (1997) with minor modifications. Alamar Blue and CFDA-AM were prepared together in L-15/ex to give a final concentration, respectively of 5% v/v and 4 vM.…”

Section: Alamar Blue and Cfda-ammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Methodologies for conveniently quantifying the photocytotoxicity of fluoranthene to fish cells have been developed (Schirmer et al, 1997) and have features that should make them suitable for screening PAHs for their ability to be directly cytotoxic. For photocytotoxicity, two fluorescent indicator dyes, 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester (CFDA-AM) and alamar Blue, were applied to multiwell cultures of the rainbow trout gill cell line, RTgill-W1, and the results quantified with a fluorescent multiwell plate reader.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ability of 16 priority PAHs to be directly cytotoxic to a cell line from the rainbow trout gill

et al. 1998

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cell Culture and Cytotoxicity Testingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Alamar Blue and Cfda-ammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ability of 16 priority PAHs to be directly cytotoxic to a cell line from the rainbow trout gill

et al. 1998

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“…The fluorescent dyes alamarBlue™ (BioSource, Solingen, Germany) and 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester (CFDA-AM, Molecular Probes, Eugene, OR, USA) were used in combination, as previously described, using L-15/ex as a simplified culture medium [27]. The alamarBlue™ dye measures the redox potential of a cell, and 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester measures cell membrane integrity.…”

Section: Alamarblue™ and Cfda-am Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of the freshwater cyanobacterium Heteroleiblenia kuetzingii

et al. 2013

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Cyanobacteria are prokaryotic organisms characterized by their ability to produce secondary metabolites with different biological activities. The aim of this work was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of the cosmopolitan freshwater cyanobacterium H. kuetzingii. An extract from H. kuetzingii and cyanobacterial growth media were assessed for presence of intracellular and extracellular toxins by in vitro tests using primary cell cultures from mouse kidney and fibroblasts, cell lines A549 and 3T3, a fish cell line RTgill-W1 as well as by a traditional in vivo mouse bioassay. The presence of toxicity was compared with the ELISA and HPLC data for corresponding cyanotoxins. In vitro tests showed pronounced cytotoxicity of the cyanobacterium extract and growth medium in which H. kuetzingii released potential extracellular toxic compounds as the mammalian cells were significantly more sensitive to exposure compared to the fish cells. Histopathological analyses of the liver and kidneys of treated mice showed pathological changes such as leukocyte infiltration and necrosis, changes in the proximal and distal convoluted tubules, lack of differentiation of Bowman's space, enlarged Bowman's capsules and massive hemorrhages. ELISA and HPLC analyses confirmed the presence of saxitoxins and microcystins at low concentrations. In addition, the histological analyses suggest that H. kuetzingii produces other, yet unknown toxic metabolites. Monitoring efforts are therefore required to evaluate the potential hazard for the freshwater aquatic systems and possible public health implications associated with this cyanobacterium.

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The Use of Fish‐Derived Cell Lines for Investigation of Environmental Contaminants

et al. 2003

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Methodology for demonstrating and measuring the photocytotoxicity of fluoranthene to fish cells in culture

Cited by 210 publications

References 30 publications

Ability of 16 priority PAHs to be directly cytotoxic to a cell line from the rainbow trout gill

Ability of 16 priority PAHs to be directly cytotoxic to a cell line from the rainbow trout gill

In vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of the freshwater cyanobacterium Heteroleiblenia kuetzingii

The Use of Fish‐Derived Cell Lines for Investigation of Environmental Contaminants

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