Methodology for Calibrating Stormwater Models

Jewell, Thomas K.; Adrian, Donald Dean; Nunno, T.

doi:10.1061/jeegav.0000772

Cited by 31 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…We did, however, perform sensitivity analyses of the key parameters used in SWMM to help provide context for the SWMM results. Methods used for sensitivity analyses as well as the results of the sensitivity analyses (Jewell et al, 1978) are further described in Supplementary Materials.…”

Section: Comparison Of Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Neighborhood Design in Reducing Impacts of Development and Climate Change, West Sherwood, OR

Tchintcharauli-Harrison

Santelmann

Greydanus

et al. 2022

Front. Water

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We used the EPA SWMM-5. 1 model to evaluate the relative impact of neighborhood design and constructed Low Impact Development (LID) features on infiltration, evaporation, and runoff for three future scenarios. In the Current Course (CC) future, current regulations and policies remain in place under lower rates of climate change and population growth. In the Stressed Resources (SR) future, rapid rates of population growth and climate change stress water systems, and conventional development patterns and management actions fail to keep pace with a changing environment. In the Integrated Water (IW) future, with the same rapid rates of climate change and population growth as the SR future, informed water management anticipates and adapts to expected changes. The IW scenario retains public open space, extensive use of constructed LID features, and has the lowest proportion of impervious surface. Neighborhood designs varied in the number of dwelling units, density of development, and spatial extent of nature-based solutions and constructed LID features used for stormwater management. We compared the scenarios using SWMM-5.1 for a set of NRCS Type 1a design storms (2-yr, 25-yr, 20% increase over 25-yr, 30% increase over 25-yr) with precipitation input at 6-min time steps as well as a set of 10-year continuous runs. Results illustrate the importance of neighborhood design in urban hydrology. The design with the highest proportion of impervious surface (SR future) produced runoff of up to 45–50% of precipitation for all variations of the 25-year storm, compared to 34–44 and 23–39% for the CC and IW futures, respectively. Evaporation accounted for only 2–3% of precipitation in the 25-year design storm simulations for any scenario. Results of continuous 10-year simulations were similar to the results of design storms. The proportion of precipitation that became runoff was highest in the SR future (33%), intermediate in the CC (16%), and lowest in the IW future (9%). Evaporation accounted for 6, 11, and 14 of precipitation in the SR, CC, and IW futures with LID, respectively. Infiltration was higher in scenarios with LID than for the same scenario without LID, and varied with the extent of LID employed, accounting for 59, 71, and 74% of precipitation in the SR, CC, and IW scenarios with LID. In addition to differences in performance for stormwater management, the alternative scenarios also provide different sets of co-benefits. The IW and SR future designs both provide more housing than the CC, and the IW future has the lowest cost of development per dwelling unit.

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Section: Comparison Of Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Neighborhood Design in Reducing Impacts of Development and Climate Change, West Sherwood, OR

Tchintcharauli-Harrison

Santelmann

Greydanus

et al. 2022

Front. Water

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“…In this article, local sensitivity analysis was carried out. Following techniques employed by Jewell et al [61][62][63][64][65][66][67], input parameters of SWMM model (as listed in Table 3) were justified over a range of ±50% of their original values, while keeping all other parameters constant, and the corresponding difference in runoff peak flows was calculated. As a result, the parameters for which small variations in their values lead to significant changes in the model output were selected and ranked by efficiency for further analysis.…”

Section: Swmm Model Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Urban Runoff Quantity and Quality Modelling Using SWMM Model and Field Data in an Urban Watershed of Tehran Metropolis

et al. 2022

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This study aims to calibrate and validate the EPA Storm Water Management Model from field measurements of rainfall and runoff, in order to simulate the rainfall-runoff process in an urban watershed of Tehran metropolis, Iran. During and after three significant storm events, the flow rates, total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), and total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN) concentrations were measured at the outlet of the catchment, and were used in the model calibration and validation process. The performance of the SWMM model was evaluated based on the statistical criteria, as well as graphical techniques. In this study, a local sensitivity analysis was carried out to identify the key model parameters, show that “the percentage of impervious surface in each subwatershed had the most effect on the model output”. Based on the analysis of the results, SWMM model calibration and validation can be judged as satisfactory, and the goodness-of-fit indices for simulating runoff quality and quantity are placed in acceptable ranges. The adjustment obtained for the variations in the measured and simulated flow rates, pollutograph concentrations, total pollutant load, peak concentration, and the event mean concentration (EMC) confirms the considerable predictive capability of the SWMM model when it is well calibrated by using field measurements.

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“…James (2005) suggests small changes to parameter values to avoid entering nonlinear sensitivity gradients. Thus, a parameter under evaluation was increased and decreased by 25% while keeping all other parameters constant, as proposed by Jewell et al (1978) and Rosa et al (2015). The SRTC tool available in PCSW-MM was used to quicken the process.…”

Section: Sensitivity Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling a Bioretention Basin and Vegetated Swale with a Trapezoidal Cross Section using SWMM LID Controls

Bond

Batchabani

Fuamba

et al. 2021

JWMM

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The Low Impact Development (LID) Control module is utilized in the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s Stormwater Management Model (USEPA SWMM) to predict the hydraulic performance of a variety of sustainable stormwater technologies. Data collected in 2019 from the monitoring of a pilot project in Montreal was used to verify the ability of the Bioretention LID Control (which assumes a rectangular cross-section) to accurately simulate outflow from a structure with a trapezoidal cross-section. Two types of LID facility were modeled: one releases captured inflow through a perforated underdrain below the soil layer (bioretention basin; BB); and the other is drained at the surface of the soil layer (vegetated swale; VS). Initially, the modeled LID structures were sized identically to the field surface areas. However, it was necessary to change their model representation to account for the non-rectangular shape of the soil layer. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was completed, and the most influential parameters were identified as the conductivity slope and seepage rate. Both the alteration of the LID structure representation and the parametric calibration greatly improved the simulated outflows from the vegetated swale resulting in an increase of the Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient from −0.6 to 0.64 (NSE >0.5 is acceptable for hydrologic models according to the literature). The bioretention basin calibration did not prove as successful. The evaluated LID Control module presented better predictive capabilities for the basin with a simpler overall design (VS).

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Methodology for Calibrating Stormwater Models

Cited by 31 publications

References 0 publications

Role of Neighborhood Design in Reducing Impacts of Development and Climate Change, West Sherwood, OR

Role of Neighborhood Design in Reducing Impacts of Development and Climate Change, West Sherwood, OR

Efficient Urban Runoff Quantity and Quality Modelling Using SWMM Model and Field Data in an Urban Watershed of Tehran Metropolis

Modeling a Bioretention Basin and Vegetated Swale with a Trapezoidal Cross Section using SWMM LID Controls

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