Methodological optimization of tinnitus assessment using prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex

Longenecker, Ryan J.; Galazyuk, Alexander V.

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.067

Cited by 61 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Although this reduction was significant, it was high enough to be suppressed by a preceding gap or prepulse during our behavioral testing. Similarly, it has been shown that unexposed mice can have their startle magnitudes suppressed by continuous background narrow-band noise in a frequency dependent manner (Longenecker and Galazyuk 2012). However, if the suppressed startle magnitude stays above one standard deviation of the level of ambient animal movement, then the GPIAS methodology can be successfully used to assess gap detection performance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The ability of mice to detect a gap of silence preceding the startle stimulus was determined using commercial hardware/software equipment from Kinder Scientific, Inc. High frequency anechoic foam was placed in each testing box to limit reverberations caused by the startling stimulus (Longenecker and Galazyuk 2012). Mice were placed in a plastic restrainer situated on a plate with a pressure sensor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, not all patients with hearing loss develop tinnitus (Lockwood et al 2002). While it is assumed that all animals have some degree of hearing deficits in response to acoustic trauma, a smaller percentage will develop tinnitus (Middleton et al 2011; Longenecker and Galazyuk 2012; Singer et al 2013; Chen et al 2013; Koehler and Shore 2013). Interestingly, it is possible for humans to develop tinnitus without detectable hearing loss (Weisz et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age effects on tinnitus and hearing loss in CBA/CaJ mice following sound exposure

et al. 2014

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Tinnitus is a maladaptive neuropathic condition that develops in humans and laboratory animals following auditory insult. In our previous study we demonstrated that sound exposure leads to development of behavioral evidence of tinnitus in a sample of exposed mice. However, this tinnitus mouse model did not account for long-term maladaptive plasticity or aging, factors that are commonly linked to the human tinnitus population. Therefore the same group of mice was monitored for tinnitus for 360 days post exposure. Tinnitus was assessed behaviorally by measuring gap-induced pre-pulse suppression of the acoustic startle (GPIAS). Cochlear histology was performed on both control (unexposed) and experimental mice to determine whether sound exposure caused any evident cochlear damage. We found that 360 days after exposure the vast majority of exposed mice exhibited similar gap detection deficits as detected at 84 days post exposure. These mice did not demonstrate significant loss of inner/outer hair cells or spiral ganglion neurons compared to the control sample. Lastly, we demonstrated that GPIAS deficits observed in exposed animals were unlikely exclusively caused by cochlear damage, but could be a result of central auditory maladaptive plasticity. We conclude that CBA/CaJ mice can be considered a good animal model to study the possible contribution of age effects on tinnitus development following auditory insult.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age effects on tinnitus and hearing loss in CBA/CaJ mice following sound exposure

et al. 2014

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“…In particular, suppression of the acoustic startle using a gap-in-noise prepulse (gap-mediated prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle, or GPIAS) can be modulated according to the specific experimental conditions imposed. These include the temporal interval between the prepulse and the startle stimulus, the amplitude of the startle stimulus, and the spectral content of the background noise masker (Longenecker and Galazyuk, 2012; Lobarinas et al, 2013a; Hickox and Liberman, 2014). …”

Section: The Functional and Behavioral Implications Of Trauma-driven mentioning

confidence: 99%

Insult-induced adaptive plasticity of the auditory system

Gold

Bajo

2014

Front. Neurosci.

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The brain displays a remarkable capacity for both widespread and region-specific modifications in response to environmental challenges, with adaptive processes bringing about the reweighing of connections in neural networks putatively required for optimizing performance and behavior. As an avenue for investigation, studies centered around changes in the mammalian auditory system, extending from the brainstem to the cortex, have revealed a plethora of mechanisms that operate in the context of sensory disruption after insult, be it lesion-, noise trauma, drug-, or age-related. Of particular interest in recent work are those aspects of auditory processing which, after sensory disruption, change at multiple—if not all—levels of the auditory hierarchy. These include changes in excitatory, inhibitory and neuromodulatory networks, consistent with theories of homeostatic plasticity; functional alterations in gene expression and in protein levels; as well as broader network processing effects with cognitive and behavioral implications. Nevertheless, there abounds substantial debate regarding which of these processes may only be sequelae of the original insult, and which may, in fact, be maladaptively compelling further degradation of the organism's competence to cope with its disrupted sensory context. In this review, we aim to examine how the mammalian auditory system responds in the wake of particular insults, and to disambiguate how the changes that develop might underlie a correlated class of phantom disorders, including tinnitus and hyperacusis, which putatively are brought about through maladaptive neuroplastic disruptions to auditory networks governing the spatial and temporal processing of acoustic sensory information.

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“…Any changes in the no-gap-startle magnitude post-tinnitus induction need to be accounted for when using the GPIAS ratio as an indicator for tinnitus in order to ensure that GPIAS ratio changes are truly reflective of impaired detection of silent gaps, and not simply due to hearing loss (2). Close inspection of raw startle amplitudes before and after tinnitus induction, as well as controlling for methodological issues such as stimulus parameters and animal handling is strongly recommended when using and interpreting behavioral measures using the GPIAS paradigm (58). …”

Section: Animal Models Of Tinnitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Models of Tinnitus and Hyperacusis in Animals

et al. 2014

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The phantom perception of tinnitus and reduced sound-level tolerance associated with hyperacusis have a high comorbidity and can be debilitating conditions for which there are no widely accepted treatments. One factor limiting the development of treatments for tinnitus and hyperacusis is the lack of reliable animal behavioral models of these disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to highlight the current animal models of tinnitus and hyperacusis, and to detail the advantages and disadvantages of each paradigm. To date, this is the first review to include models of both tinnitus and hyperacusis.

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Methodological optimization of tinnitus assessment using prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex

Cited by 61 publications

References 43 publications

Age effects on tinnitus and hearing loss in CBA/CaJ mice following sound exposure

Age effects on tinnitus and hearing loss in CBA/CaJ mice following sound exposure

Insult-induced adaptive plasticity of the auditory system

Behavioral Models of Tinnitus and Hyperacusis in Animals

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