Methodological considerations regarding online extraction of water from soils for stable isotope determination

Lazarus, Brynne E.; Germino, Matthew J.

doi:10.1002/rcm.7948

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…For xylem sampling, we collected branches with visible secondary growth that were typically 10 cm long (shorter from smaller plants), and about 0.6 cm in diameter. We removed the bark immediately after cutting the branch, wrapped the sample with parafilm and placed it in an airtight glass vial, which was stored at 3°C until analysis (Grossiord et al, ; Lazarus & Germino, ). We used a Picarro Induction Module (IM) coupled to a CRDS isotopic analyzer (L2120‐ i , Picarro Inc.) to analyse the isotopic composition of water vapour extracted directly from xylem sections by induction heating, following Lazarus, Germino, and Vander Veen ().…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific variation in surface water uptake in a perennial desert shrub

et al. 2020

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1. Despite broad recognition that water is a major limiting factor in arid ecosystems, we lack an empirical understanding of how this resource is shared and distributed among neighbouring plants. Intraspecific variability can further contribute to this variation via divergent life-history traits, including root architecture. We investigated these questions in the shrub Artemisia tridentata and hypothesized that the ability to access and utilize surface water varies among subspecies and cytotypes. We used an isotope tracer to quantify below-ground zone of influence inA. tridentata, and tested whether spatial neighbourhood characteristics can alter plant water uptake. We introduced deuterium-enriched water to the soil in plant interspaces in a common garden experiment and measured deuterium composition of plant stems. We then applied spatially explicit models to test for differential water uptake by A. tridentata, including intermingled populations of three subspecies and two ploidy levels.3. The results suggest that lateral root functioning in A. tridentata is associated with intraspecific identity and ploidy level. Subspecies adapted to habitats with deep soils generally had a smaller horizontal reach, and polyploid cytotypes were associated with greater water uptake compared to their diploid variants. We also found that plant crown volume was a weak predictor of water uptake, and that neighbourhood crowding had no discernable effect on water uptake. 4. Intraspecific variation in lateral root functioning can lead to differential patterns of resource acquisition, an essential process in arid ecosystems in the contexts of changing climate and seasonal patterns of precipitation. Altogether, we found that lateral root development and activity are more strongly related to genetic variability within A. tridentata than to plant size. Our study highlights how intraspecific variation in life strategies is linked to mechanisms of resource acquisition. K E Y W O R D SArtemisia tridentata (big sagebrush), below-ground interactions, deuterium tracer, intraspecific variation, lateral roots, resource competition, surface water uptake | 1171 Functional Ecology ZAIATS eT Al.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific variation in surface water uptake in a perennial desert shrub

et al. 2020

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“…where R sample and R standard are the heavy-to-light isotopic ratios ( 2 H/ 1 H or 18 O/ 16 O) for the sample and a known reference (i.e., VSMOW), respectively.…”

Section: Isotope Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the discrepancies between CRDS and IRMS, water extraction methods for soil and plants are critical for the use of water-stable isotopes for tracer analysis. To investigate plant water sources, ecophysiological studies relying on the isotopic signatures of soil and plant water require extraction methods that do not alter their original values [7,[14][15][16][17]. Extraction methods can be categorized as laboratory-based or field-based.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Analysis of Water Isotopic Compositions: Evaluating Isotope Analyzer for Soil and Extraction Method for Stem Water

Jeon,

Lee,

Lee

et al. 2024

Forests

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Stable isotopes of water (δ2H and δ18O) are reliable tracers for the investigation of plant–soil–water interactions in forest ecosystems. However, variations in isotopic compositions may arise due to differences in analytical instruments and water extraction methods. In this study, we conducted three different experiments to identify isotopic differences caused by analytical and methodological variations. First, we analyzed soil water by using the two most commonly applied methods: isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS). Second, we compared the isotopes in xylem water extracted from the stems of nine tree species using cryogenic vacuum distillation (CVD) with different heating times. Third, we compared the compositions in xylem water extracted with three different methods: mechanical squeezing using a pressure chamber (PC), an induction module (IM), and CVD. The differences in isotopic composition between IRMS and CRDS were significant but minimal. Soil properties were not significant factors contributing to differences between the two instruments. For the xylem water extraction with CVD, each of the nine tree species required heating for more than three hours. Significant differences were observed in δ2H among the three extraction methods for xylem water. Xylem water extracted by CVD showed more depleted values compared to those obtained by PC and IM. Our results highlight the importance of considering analytical and methodological variations in stable isotope analysis.

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“…We removed the bark right after cutting the branch, wrapped the sample with parafilm, and placed it in an airtight glass vial, which was stored at 3˚C until analysis (Grossiord et al, 2014;Lazarus and Germino, 2017). We used a Picarro Induction Module (IM)…”

Section: Deuterium Labelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraspecific Variation in Plant-Plant Interactions and Belowground Zone of Influence of Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)

Zaiats¹

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Post-fire restoration of degraded sagebrush ecosystems over large areas of the Great Basin is challenging, in part due to unpredictable outcomes. Low rates of restoration success are attributed to increasing frequencies of wildfires, biological invasions, and climate variability. Quantifying restoration outcomes by accounting for sources of biotic and abiotic variability will improve restoration as a predictive science. One source of biotic variability is neighbor interactions, which can regulate demographic parameters of coexisting species and are an important determinant of community structure, ecosystem functions, and population dynamics. Our objective was to quantify how intraspecific variability in big sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata, including three subspecies and two ploidy levels, is related to subspecies' reaction to conspecific neighbor presence. Neighbor interactions can alter population growth rate via competition or facilitation depending on specific environmental conditions. Using a longterm common garden experiment, we developed spatially-explicit hierarchical models to quantify the effects of size-structured crowding on plant growth and survival. We found that neighbor interactions can vary significantly over time and space, and tend to be more pronounced under wetter and cooler climate conditions. We further tested if water availability, one of the major limiting factors in arid ecosystems, can underlie competitive interactions in a common garden, including density dependence. We used a deuteriumtracer experiment to quantify belowground zone of influence and crowding effect on plant water uptake. The results suggest that intraspecific variability in lateral root extent v may be linked to subspecies identity and ploidy level. We did not find strong evidence that neighbor presence and size can alter water uptake from a shallow soil horizon, potentially suggesting size-independent partitioning of water resources between neighboring plants. We further hypothesize that variability in root architecture may reflect an axis for ecohydrological niche segregation contributing to the process of plant coexistence and evolution in heterogeneous landscapes. Our study complements previous knowledge of belowground processes in big sagebrush populations, including patterns of resource acquisition, and indicates promising avenues for further research of the ecology and evolution of this species. The results highlight how local plant-plant interactions can be a source of variation in common garden experiments, which are used to evaluate adaptive capacity and seed transfer zone development for A. tridentata populations. Potential applications of our work include planting density recommendations for big sagebrush in applied and experimental contexts, and provide mechanistic understanding of intraspecific diversification and ecological tradeoffs related to local adaptations. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS

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Methodological considerations regarding online extraction of water from soils for stable isotope determination

Cited by 5 publications

References 14 publications

Intraspecific variation in surface water uptake in a perennial desert shrub

Intraspecific variation in surface water uptake in a perennial desert shrub

Comparative Analysis of Water Isotopic Compositions: Evaluating Isotope Analyzer for Soil and Extraction Method for Stem Water

Intraspecific Variation in Plant-Plant Interactions and Belowground Zone of Influence of Big Sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata)

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