Methodological caveats for monitoring binocular eye position with Nonius stimuli

Shimono, Koichi; Ono, Hiroshi; Saida, Shinya; Mapp, Alistair P.

doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00168-5

Cited by 49 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…When the lines were collinear, it was assumed that convergence was at the desired position. (For discussions of the Nonius method, see Ogle, Martens, & Dyer, 1967;Shimono, Ono, Saida, & Mapp, 1998. ) Procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheatstone—Panum limiting case: Occlusion, camouflage, and vergence-induced disparity cues

Shimono

Tam

Nakamizo

1999

Perception & Psychophysics

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We examined effects of binocular occlusion, binocular camouflage, and vergence-induced disparity cues on the perceived depth between two objects when two stimuli are presented to one eye and a single stimulus to the other (Wheatstone-Panum limiting case). The perceived order and magnitude of the depth were examined in two experimental conditions: (l) The stimulus was presented on the temporal side (occlusion condition) and (2) the nasal side (camouflage condition) of the stimulus pair on one retina so as to fuse with the single stimulus on the other retina. In both conditions, the separation between the stimulus pair presented to one eye was systematically varied. Experiment 1, with 16 observers, showed that the fused object was seen in front of the nonfused object in the occlusion condition and was seen at the same distance as the nonfused object in the camouflage condition. The perceived depth between the two objects was constant and did not depend on the separation of the stimulus pair presented to one eye. Experiment 2, with 45 observers, showed that the disparity induced by vergence mainly determined the perceived depth, and the depth magnitude increased as the separation of the stimulus pair was made wider. The results suggest that (1) occlusion provides depth-order information but not depth-magnitude information, (2) camouflage provides neither depth-order nor depth-magnitude information, and (3) vergence-induced disparity provides both order and magnitude information.One of the most interesting stimulus configurations examined in the field of binocular stereopsis is the Wheatstone-Panum limiting case: 1 two images are projected on one retina and a single image on the other retina (Panum, 1858(Panum, /1940Wheatstone, 1838). The WheatstonePanum limiting case can give rise to an impression oftwo objects at different depths and is interesting to researchers because, so far, there is no single hypothesis that can adequately account for the percept (Ono, Shimono, & Shibuta, 1992). For example, the classical double fusion hypothesis, which states that both images on one retina are fused with the single image on the other (Hering, 1865, cited in Ono & Mapp, 1995Ogle, 1962), cannot account for the magnitude and the direction of the perceived depth reThis research was supported by Grant-in-Aids for Scientific Research (7610068) provided by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. K. Shimono worked on this study while he was at the Communications Research Centre, Ottawa, Canada, as a visiting researcher from the Department of Information Engineering and Logistics, Tokyo University of Mercantile Marine. The authors wish to thank Atsuki Higashiyama, two anonymous reviewers, and the editor for their critical review and helpful comments on an earlier version ofthe manuscript. Correspondence should be addressed to K. Shimono, Department ofinformation Processing Engineering and Logistics, Tokyo University of Mercantile Marine, Ettchujima 2-1-6, Koto-ku, Tokyo, Japan, 136 (e-mail: shimono@ipc.tosho-u.ac...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheatstone—Panum limiting case: Occlusion, camouflage, and vergence-induced disparity cues

Shimono

Tam

Nakamizo

1999

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…Fixation disparity has mostly been investigated with a simple psychophysical method: in the vicinity of a binocular fusion target, dichoptic vertical nonius lines (one to each eye) are presented and adjusted to perceived alignment; the resulting physical offset is used to calculate the fixation disparity geometrically (Shimono et al. , 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective vs subjective measures of fixation disparity for short and long fixation periods

Jaschinski

Jainta

Kloke

2010

Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics

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“…Subjective and objective estimates of the fixation disparity are virtually always in the same direction, but quantitative differences have sometimes been reported (Fogt & Jones, 1998a&b;Kertesz & Lee, 1987;Simonsz & Bour, 1991). Because binocular fusable targets are necessarily visible during the measurement of fixation disparity, the differences between subjective and objective measures are attributed to "binocular capture," i.e., a change in the perceived visual direction of a monocular target that is in the vicinity of a fused binocular stimulus (Erkelens & Van Ee, 1997;Fogt & Jones, 1998b;Shimono et al, 1998). No fusable binocular targets are present during subjective measurements of the phoria, so "binocular capture" should not be able to influence the observer's judgment of perceived alignment.…”

Section: Sensitivity Of the Maddox Rod Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Physiologic Hyperphoria and the Dorsal Light Reflex in Humans with Normal Binocular Vision: Reply to Brodsky & Van Rijn

2006

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Methodological caveats for monitoring binocular eye position with Nonius stimuli

Cited by 49 publications

References 12 publications

Wheatstone—Panum limiting case: Occlusion, camouflage, and vergence-induced disparity cues

Wheatstone—Panum limiting case: Occlusion, camouflage, and vergence-induced disparity cues

Objective vs subjective measures of fixation disparity for short and long fixation periods

Physiologic Hyperphoria and the Dorsal Light Reflex in Humans with Normal Binocular Vision: Reply to Brodsky & Van Rijn

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