Methodological aspects of pH and EC measurements in geothermal water

Kmiecik, Ewa; Wątor, Katarzyna; Tomaszewska, Barbara; Sekuła, Klaudia; Mika, Anna

doi:10.2478/bgeo-2019-0013

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Unstable parameters such as redox potential, temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity were also measured. If the measurements did not differ by 0.2°C for temperature, 0.1 unit for pH and 5% in the case of electrical conductivity (γ 25 ), the stability criterion is fulfilled (Witczak et al 2013;Korzec et al 2016;Kmiecik et al 2019;Wątor et al 2020). Two samples were collected from each intake -raw and filtered.…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological aspects concerning sampling and determination of total selenium and selenium species in geothermal waters

Rusiniak

Ruszczyńska

Wątor

et al. 2020

Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series

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AbstractThe work presents the results of geothermal water sample analysis with respect to the determination of total selenium concentration. For this purpose, geothermal water (GT) samples were collected from three different intakes (GT-1, GT-2, GT-3) with similar temperatures of about 85°C. Tests were carried out to see if the methodology of sample preparation influenced total selenium concentration during analysis by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Samples (raw and filtered) were preserved with nitric acid (HNO3) and mineralised in the laboratory. From the data obtained it was found that there is no significant difference between total selenium concentration in raw and filtered samples. Following mineralisation, the concentrations in the samples were below the limit of detection or limit of quantification. While different analytical steps or procedures are applied, the results of total selenium concentration can vary. Furthermore, high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ICP-MS was used for the identification of selenium species. The results revealed that hexavalent selenium – Se(VI) – in the geothermal water was found only in samples collected from the GT-2 and GT-3 intakes.

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Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodological aspects concerning sampling and determination of total selenium and selenium species in geothermal waters

Rusiniak

Ruszczyńska

Wątor

et al. 2020

Bulletin of Geography. Physical Geography Series

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“…Therefore, ensuring high-quality geochemical data through robust Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) procedures is crucial for informed decisionmaking and the successful development of geothermal resources [22][23][24]. Implementing rigorous • Analysis of major and trace elements using techniques such as: Ion chromatography, gas chromatography, atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS);…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ensuring Accuracy: Critical Validation Techniques in Geochemical Analysis for Sustainable Geothermal Energy Development

Idroes,

Suhendrayatna,

Khairan

et al. 2024

Leuser J. Environ. Stud.

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Geochemical analysis is a critical tool in geothermal exploration, providing valuable insights into reservoir characteristics. However, obtaining accurate and reliable geochemical data requires rigorous validation techniques. This review examines key factors affecting the accuracy of geochemical data and discusses best practices for ensuring quality. Proper sampling methods, including selection of representative locations, use of appropriate equipment, and adherence to robust protocols for sample collection, filtration, preservation, and storage, are essential for maintaining integrity. Analytical techniques must be carefully selected, with regular calibration and standardization of instruments using certified reference materials. Implementing comprehensive quality assurance and quality control procedures, such as analyzing blanks, duplicates, and spike samples, helps monitor precision and accuracy. Data interpretation should consider the complexities of the geological and hydrological settings, integrating multiple lines of evidence. By following established guidelines and continuously updating methods based on emerging technologies and inter-laboratory comparisons, geothermal teams can optimize the reliability of their geochemical data. Accurate and precise geochemical information, when combined with geological, geophysical, and hydrological data, enables informed decision-making and enhances the success of geothermal projects. As geothermal energy gains importance in the transition to sustainable resources, ensuring the accuracy of geochemical analysis will be crucial for effective exploration and development.

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“…Samples of thermal water were collected according to ISO 5667-11 standards [46] in July 2019. Before sampling, the geothermal wells were rinsed about 15 min to stabilize the chemical composition of thermal water and to avoid samples contamination with particles that could come from the geothermal installation system [47]. During fieldwork, the unstable parameters were also measured: pH, redox potential (Eh), electrical conductivity (EC), and temperature (T) in pursuance of actual standards [48][49][50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogeochemistry and Related Processes Controlling the Formation of the Chemical Composition of Thermal Water in Podhale Trough, Poland

et al. 2020

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The most promising Polish region in terms of its geothermal resource potential is the Podhale Trough in the Inner West Carpathians, where the thermal water occurs in the Eocene-Mesozoic strata. The origin and conditions of formation of the chemical composition of the thermal water are different in a regional scale due to the impact of infiltrating water on the chemical compounds present in nearby thermal intakes, chemical processes responsible for the concentration of major elements and residence time. The article presents the regional conceptual model in regard to the factors controlling the chemistry of thermal water from Podhale Trough and the conditions of its exchange. It was allowed by performing the hydrogeochemical characteristics of studied water and analyzing its changes according to flow direction from HCO3-Ca-Mg type to SO4-Cl-Na-Ca and SO4-Ca-Mg types. The hydrogeochemical modelling was also made allowing identification of the impact of reservoir rocks on the formation of the chemical composition. For confirmation of the theories formulated and for more accurate interpretation of the results obtained from hydrogeochemical modelling, hydrochemical indices were calculated, i.e., rHCO3−/rCl−, rNa+/rCl−, rCa2+/rMg2+, rCa2+/(rCa2+ + rSO42−) and rNa+/(rNa+ + rCl−). The results revealed the most important processes evolving the chemistry of thermal water are progressive freshening of the thermal water reservoir, which in the past was filled with salty water, dissolution of gypsum, and ongoing dolomitization. Conducted research presents the important factors that in the case of increased exploitation of thermal water in the Podhale Trough, may influence the quality of thermal water in terms of its physical and chemical parameters.

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Methodological aspects of pH and EC measurements in geothermal water

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Methodological aspects concerning sampling and determination of total selenium and selenium species in geothermal waters

Methodological aspects concerning sampling and determination of total selenium and selenium species in geothermal waters

Ensuring Accuracy: Critical Validation Techniques in Geochemical Analysis for Sustainable Geothermal Energy Development

Hydrogeochemistry and Related Processes Controlling the Formation of the Chemical Composition of Thermal Water in Podhale Trough, Poland

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