Methoden zur Weltklimatologie der Hydrometeore. Der Anteil des festen Niederschlags am Gesamtniederschlag

Lauscher, Friedrich

doi:10.1007/bf02243337

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Climatological indicators such as -volume of precipitation, indicator of dryness of the habitats for spruce by Vogel-Daniels and the moisture coefficient by Schmuck, including an important component that characterises the relation of the sum of precipitation of a warm and a cool semi-annum -were considered as, especially significant for analysis of pluvial conditions (Hess 1965;Modrzyński 1998;Majewski et al 2010;Durło 2011Durło , 2012b. The classification criteria for extreme phenomena were expanded outside the climatic standards, taking into account ecologic requirements of spruce in relation to precipitation and hygric conditions described in works of Lauscher (1976), Obmiński (1977), Myczkowski (1978) and Modrzyński (1998).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme precipitation events in the Forest Promotion Complex of Silesian Beskid

Durło

Małek

Socha

2015

Folia Forestalia Polonica

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An increase in frequency of weather phenomena in the Western Beskids that are disadvantageous for natural environment caused an upset of ecologic balance, especially within the scope of water management and retention. Concerns referring to forest groups maintaining their stability are fully justified, regarding that in many areas of the Beskids, there is an intensive reconstruction of stands of trees in the lower subalpine region. In turn, young generations of trees are continuously stresses, which arise from periodic shortages of precipitation within the course of the whole vegetation process. The presented work encompasses characteristics of extreme rainfall events that might have a negative impact on growth and development of Norway spruce stands in the Silesian Beskid in recent decades. The article makes use of meteorological data from a multiannual period (1951–2010), gathered in 26 meteorological stations of the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management (IMGW) in Silesian Beskid one station located in the Carpathian regional gene bank and two under canopy posts located in Wisła forestry inspectorate area. Special attention was devoted to the presence of extreme phenomena and their repeatability. The analysis of parameters of rainfall sequences was complemented with indexes determining ecological requirements of spruce, such as: Schmuck moisture indicator, Vogel-Daniels habitat dryness index and abundance of rainfall indicator developed in this study. Results of climatological analysis confirmed that weather phenomena with, especially dynamic course may lead to destabilisation of even a properly formed and adequately developed forest ecosystem, and as a consequence, disturb stability in the natural environment. Diminishment of the index of precipitation size, which has been observed in recent years, may be one of the most crucial causes that limit the number of spruces in the stands of trees of the lower subalpine region in Silesian Beskid. The climatological analysis confirmed that during 60 years in Silesian Beskid, there were over 20 extreme weather (precipitation) episodes of different courses, intensity and surface reach, out of which at least 9 played a key role in lowering the health condition of the trees, as a consequence, it influenced destabilisation of the spruce stands in the lower subalpine region, regardless of their age or location within the area.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme precipitation events in the Forest Promotion Complex of Silesian Beskid

Durło

Małek

Socha

2015

Folia Forestalia Polonica

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“…Monthly air temperatures are obtained from this curve and these are then used to estimate monthly effectiveness and ablation values (Table I). In the former case we use the relationship of Lauscher (1976), which is based on western European data. In the latter case, the monthly air temperature is converted to the monthly sum of day-degrees above 0°C and this is then used to calculate the ablation rate.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate and the Initiation of Maritime Ice Sheets

Payne

Sugden

1990

Ann. Glaciol.

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The lower latitude extension of polar water during Quaternary glaciations has two opposing effects on the mass balances of adjacent marItIme ice sheets. Cooler air temperatures reduce ablation and increase the fraction of preclpltation falling as snow, but also lead to reduced atmospheric moisture content and reduced precipitation. The effects of these contrasting processes on ice-sheet initiation are investigated using a coupled ice-sheet-atmospheric moisture model of the Loch Lomond ice sheet in Scotland (ID 000 a s.P.). There is a delicate balance between the degree of cooling required to initiate ice accumulation and that which restricts the flow of moisture over the area. At the regional scale of Scotland, the combined effects of orographic enhancement and the inherent feedback between the rising ice-surface elevation and increasing mass balance are dominant, and ice-sheet growth accelerates. Comparison of the results from models using different wind directions suggests that so uth-westerly winds were prevalent during the Loch Lomond glaciation in contrast to the dominant westerly winds of the present day. The modelling experiments demonstrate the sensitivity and complexity of the links between ocean surface cooling and ice-sheet growth, particularly at the early stages of a glacial cycle.

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Future climate projection under IPCC A1B scenario in the source region of Yellow River with complex topography using RegCM3

et al. 2014

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Located on the Tibetan Plateau, the source region of Yellow River has experienced remarkable climate change over past a few decades, which affects the regional ecosystem, agricultural development, and water availability. In this paper, high-resolution RegCM3 driven by ECHAM5 is applied to generate both control climate for 1980-2000 and regional climate projections for the 21 st century under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A1B emission scenario. For control climate, RegCM3 can well reproduce the spatial patterns of precipitation and surface air temperature with more detailed representation of fine scale topography. Wet and cold biases are produced in the simulation, but overall improvement by RegCM3 is evident compared to the driving global climate model (GCM) of ECHAM5. In the future projection, the model demonstrates significant warming over the whole analysis domain. Precipitation on the other hand shows mixed signals of reduction and increase over simulation domain, while the areas of precipitation reduction extend with increasing integration time and finally cover most parts of the domain at the end of 21 st century. As projection time increases, high altitude region will experience more precipitation reduction in summer and less reduction or even increase in winter. The winter warming at the high elevation area gets more evident than that at the low elevation area, which may be due to the snow feedback. Analyzing the change of probability distributions of surface climate, it can be concluded that the frequency of heavy precipitation in winter tends to increase with time indicating more extreme precipitation events in the future. The spectrum of temperature probability density functions (PDFs) moves toward higher end.

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Methoden zur Weltklimatologie der Hydrometeore. Der Anteil des festen Niederschlags am Gesamtniederschlag

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Extreme precipitation events in the Forest Promotion Complex of Silesian Beskid

Extreme precipitation events in the Forest Promotion Complex of Silesian Beskid

Climate and the Initiation of Maritime Ice Sheets

Future climate projection under IPCC A1B scenario in the source region of Yellow River with complex topography using RegCM3

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