Methode zur objektiven Pr�fung der Reinigungswirkung von Waschmitteln auf der menschlichen Haut

Standardization of skin cleansing in vivo: part I. Development of an Automated Cleansing Device (ACiD)

“…However, this requires an essentially horizontal orientation of the forearm of the volunteer. Off all cleansing methodologies, in the past, only the device of Jacobi dealt with standardized flushing of the test fields, but then the device was unsuitable for evaluation of mechanical impact and abrasive cleansers. Following Blaich/Gerlach , test field rinsing should be done by using distilled water, because otherwise diverging water hardness can influence the reaction of detergent substances in the skin cleansing agents [e.g.…”

“…• machineries without causing mechanical pressure on the skin, like the 'rotating soap solution' by Wolf/Friedman (16) and Wolf et al (17) or the skin cleansing apparatus by Jacobi (18) and…”

“…In theory, there are already various models and detection methods for assessing cleansing effectiveness of industrial cleaners, but without simultaneously evaluating the skin compatibility: the hand washing test , different devices with ‘stirring rods’ , standardized washing procedures using the skin washing machine by Schrader , machineries without causing mechanical pressure on the skin, like the ‘rotating soap solution’ by Wolf/Friedman and Wolf et al. or the skin cleansing apparatus by Jacobi and procedures that induce pressure without friction, like the manual cleansing by using a paint roller . …”

Standardization of skin cleansing in vivo: part II. Validation of a newly developed Automated Cleansing Device (ACiD)

“…The in vivo‐ validation of ACiD represents a novelty. So far, none of the published skin cleansing machines was evaluated regarding comparability and reproducibility of the devices, neither intra‐device specific nor inter‐device‐specific . However, this seems pivotal if a standardization and wide implementation is intended.…”

“…To date, there is only very limited knowledge concerning skin cleansing models. A sufficiently standardized cleansing procedure that meets relevant requirements is missing (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14). A skin cleansing test procedure should both be appropriate for the full range of industrial and occupational skin cleansers including also those containing abrasives and be standardized in order to minimize the subjective impact of the persons involved in the procedures.…”