Method to discriminate amyloids using fluorescent probes

Thiophene‐Based Ligands for Histological Multiplex Spectral Detection of Distinct Protein Aggregates in Alzheimer's Disease

“…[17][18][19][20] For the latter, fluorescent differentiation between different types of protein deposits could be afforded due to the stabilization of the ground versus excited states of these ligands as a function of the polarity of their microenvironment. [19,20] A selection of near infrared emissive ligands optimized for optical in vivo imaging of protein aggregates has also been described. [21][22][23][24][25][26] Lately, luminescent conjugated oligothiophenes (LCOs) have been used for fluorescence imaging of protein aggregates.…”

“…Fluorescent ligands are vital for visualizing accumulations of protein aggregates, which are the pathological hallmarks of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) [1–4] . A diversity of molecular scaffolds targeting the cross β‐pleated sheet structure of protein aggregates has previously been presented [5–25] . The azo dye Congo Red (CR) was discovered by Bennhold in 1922, [5] and a variety of CR derivatives, including Chrysamine G, [6] X‐34, [7] Methoxy‐X‐04 [8] and K114, [9] have been designed to improve the ligands performance for identifying protein deposits.…”

“…A derivative of ThT, denoted Pittsburgh compound B (PiB), can also be utilized for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of Aβ deposits in AD patients [13] . Furthermore, carbazole derivatives and Amino Naphthalenyl‐2‐Cyano‐Acrylate (ANCA)‐based ligands have been presented as efficient tools for detection of protein aggregates [17–20] . For the latter, fluorescent differentiation between different types of protein deposits could be afforded due to the stabilization of the ground versus excited states of these ligands as a function of the polarity of their microenvironment [19,20] .…”

“…Furthermore, carbazole derivatives and Amino Naphthalenyl‐2‐Cyano‐Acrylate (ANCA)‐based ligands have been presented as efficient tools for detection of protein aggregates [17–20] . For the latter, fluorescent differentiation between different types of protein deposits could be afforded due to the stabilization of the ground versus excited states of these ligands as a function of the polarity of their microenvironment [19,20] . A selection of near infrared emissive ligands optimized for optical in vivo imaging of protein aggregates has also been described [21–26] …”

Thiophene‐Based Ligands: Design, Synthesis and Their Utilization for Optical Assignment of Polymorphic‐Disease‐Associated Protein Aggregates

“…In this regard, several molecular scaffolds have been presented as useful tools for detection of protein aggregates. [12,13,[89][90][91][92][93][94] For some of these ligands, fluorescent assignment of different types of protein aggregates could be afforded due to the stabilization of the ground versus excited states of these ligands as a function of the polarity of their microenvironment. [91,92] Furthermore, a variety of near infrared emissive ligands optimized for optical in vivo imaging of protein aggregates has also been presented.…”