Method of the Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Polyethylene Gas Pipelines with Portable Hardness Testers

Vinogradova, A. A.; Gogolinskiy, Kirill; Umanskii, A. S.; Alekhnovich, Varvara; Tarasova, Alena; Melnikova, Alena

doi:10.3390/inventions7040125

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…An interlaboratory test can be defined as the assessment of measurements or tests on the same or similar objects by two or more laboratories vis-à-vis pre-established conditions. This powerful tool is very effective in clarifying some issues in the oil and gas industry, such as evaluating the mechanical properties of gas pipelines [20] and whether there are systematic errors between different test methods for determining the mass fraction of sulfur in gasoline [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Fuel Density Precision Data Using Digital Densimeter Meters at Two Different Temperatures

de Camargo,

Manea,

de Oliveira

2023

Energies

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The widespread use of liquid fuels can be monitored by their density and light fractions, which affect storage, combustion, handling, and contractual issues. The quantitative measurement of fuel density is carried out using an analytical procedure whose test method presents precision data (repeatability and reproducibility) at 15 °C, whereas Brazilian commercial legislation uses a base temperature of 20 °C. Therefore, the scope of this study was to evaluate whether there are statistically significant differences between these two temperatures. An interlaboratory study, considering homogeneity and stability checks, was carried out, and the data were treated using a one-way analysis of variance in a single-stage nested design for calculating the density precision data (under repeatability and reproducibility conditions). After using an F test to compare the variances at 15 °C and 20 °C, one concluded that these precision data are not always metrologically comparable.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Fuel Density Precision Data Using Digital Densimeter Meters at Two Different Temperatures

de Camargo,

Manea,

de Oliveira

2023

Energies

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“…On the one hand, sustainable global energy developments are now on the international agenda in the context of the transition to renewable energy technologies [11][12][13][14]. On the other hand, there is still a high exploitation level of internal combustion engines in the world [13,[15][16][17], the abandonment of which is not yet possible [18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Physicochemical Basis for the Production of Rapeseed Oil Fatty Acid Esters in a Plug Flow Reactor

Kosolapova,

Smal,

Pyagay

et al. 2024

Processes

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This article describes the results of a comprehensive comparative study of the production of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEEs) for use as biodiesel in perfect mixing reactors (PMRs) and plug flow reactors (PFRs). The products obtained on a laboratory scale at all stages of the separation and purification of the FAEE phase were analyzed using the FTIR, XRF and GC-MS methods. We compared distillation methods for the separation of stoichiometrically excessive ethanol from the reaction mixture. Neutralization methods with H2SO4 solution and carbonation with CO2 were applied for FAEE phase purification from the catalyst. Emulsions formed during the water flushing stage were analyzed via the optical microscopy method. The optimal conditions of stirring speed and temperature were selected to maintain a high level of FAEE–water phase contact area with minimum phase separation time. The efficiency of the carbonation method for catalyst neutralization in the FAEE phase has been proven, allowing us to consider this method as an alternative to the traditional acid neutralization method. According to the results of experimental studies, we have developed a new high-performance technological scheme for the production of fatty acid esters in PFRs. The synthesis of FAEEs in a stoichiometric excess of ethanol of about 1:50 allowed us to increase the reaction rate and productivity of the synthesis unit after the transition from a PMR to a PFR. The yield of the product amounted to 86.7%. The purified FAEE fraction complied with most EN14214 specifications.

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“…In these facilities, a wide variety of mineral, raw materials, and fuel resources are mined, such as hydrocarbons, minerals, precious and rare metals, etc. [8][9][10]. The development of these facilities should be based on the principles of sustainable development [11,12], which should provide indicators of energy supply such as environmental friendliness, reliability, safety, and efficiency [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat Storage as a Way to Increase Energy Efficiency and Flexibility of NPP in Isolated Power System

Lebedev,

Deev

2023

Applied Sciences

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This paper considers a thermal accumulator using phase transition materials as a way to increase the energy efficiency and maneuverability of nuclear power plants. A low-power nuclear power plant is the object of this study. Such nuclear power plants have a great potential for widespread implementation as sources of thermal and electrical energy for facilities of mineral and raw material as well as fuel and energy complexes located in distant regions. The main principles of development of low-power nuclear power plants are revealed. So, in the development of low-power nuclear power plants, experience in the creation and operation of shipboard nuclear power installations is widely used. The problems of NPP operation in daily maneuvering modes within an isolated power system are revealed. A method for improving the energy efficiency and maneuverability of nuclear power plants is proposed, in particular, through the use of thermal accumulators with a phase change material directly in the NPP circuit. A method of assessment of the dimensions of the heat accumulator and the amount of heat accumulating material is presented. A method of assessment of the efficiency of the accumulator application scheme is presented. The thermal scheme of a promising low-power nuclear power plant with an RITM-200 reactor is compiled. A scheme for switching on a heat accumulator with a phase change material to a scheme for regenerative heating of a turbine is proposed. The heat storage material selection is made, the main elements and characteristics of such an accumulator are determined, and the parameters of the heat transfer fluid’s movement through the accumulator are determined. A mathematical model of the heat exchange in an accumulator based on the finite difference method is compiled, and the simulation results are presented. The results of the experimental verification of the model are presented. As a result of the calculation of NPPs’ thermal schemes in the standard version and the version with a heat accumulator, the power increase in the turbine plant due to the application of accumulated heat in the accumulator discharge mode is determined.

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Method of the Mechanical Properties Evaluation of Polyethylene Gas Pipelines with Portable Hardness Testers

Cited by 6 publications

References 32 publications

A Comparative Study of Fuel Density Precision Data Using Digital Densimeter Meters at Two Different Temperatures

A Comparative Study of Fuel Density Precision Data Using Digital Densimeter Meters at Two Different Temperatures

The Physicochemical Basis for the Production of Rapeseed Oil Fatty Acid Esters in a Plug Flow Reactor

Heat Storage as a Way to Increase Energy Efficiency and Flexibility of NPP in Isolated Power System

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