“…Analyzing the work related to the protection of the environment from VOCs at terminals, we note that there is a concept of considering this topic from the point of view of increasing technological efficiency and monitoring the work of the VRU (Gruber, 2019;Helmig et al, 2014;Karbasian et al, 2017;Klimont et al, 2000;Korshak et al 2019;Krummenauer et al, 2018;Liang et al, 2018;Pannucharoenwong et al, 2018;Rudd and Hill, 2001;Seo et al, 2000;Shibuya, 2014;Shipley, 2011). Nevertheless, even with the development of such measures, the prevalence of VRU at terminals in many emerging economies remains low (Tcvetkov et al, 2020).…”