Abstract:Abstract. The paper presents a method of assessing the safety of operators of mobile mining equipment (MME), which is adapted to current and future geological and mining conditions. The authors focused on underground mines, with special consideration of copper mines (KGHM). As extraction reaches into deeper layers of the deposit it can activate natural hazards, which, thus far, have been considered unusual and whose range and intensity are different depending on the field of operation. One of the main hazards … Show more
“…In the process of designing machines and work equipment, modern methods are used so as to meet the requirements of difficult working conditions. Great importance is attached to numerical tests of cabins in order to obtain the highest possible level of operator safety [3,4]. Similarly, in the field of quality control and production management, modern methods and tools are applied in order to improve the quality of machines and devices [5][6][7][8][9].…”
Battery-powered electric machines have been replacing classic combustion vehicles for many years in the automotive and heavy industry. This change has a positive impact on the environment and, in the case of working machines, also on the safety and comfort of operators. In underground mining plants, due to limited working space and difficult environmental conditions, the use of battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs) in place of combustion machines with diesel engines brings even greater benefits in terms of the operator’s work conditions. This article presents the results of comprehensive tests of two roof bolters in a BEV and a vehicle with a combustion engine. The tests were performed in underground conditions, during normal operation of the machines. They covered many aspects of machines’ operation, such as availability; traction properties; battery use; cooling system; efficiency; costs; safety; and ergonomics in terms of gas emissions, noise, vibrations, and generally understood work comfort. The research results showed a significant advantage of the battery-powered machine over the one with a combustion engine. The tests in question are unique due to their scope and the fact that they were carried out in underground conditions, during normal operation, both for the internal combustion machine and its battery-powered equivalent.
“…In the process of designing machines and work equipment, modern methods are used so as to meet the requirements of difficult working conditions. Great importance is attached to numerical tests of cabins in order to obtain the highest possible level of operator safety [3,4]. Similarly, in the field of quality control and production management, modern methods and tools are applied in order to improve the quality of machines and devices [5][6][7][8][9].…”
Battery-powered electric machines have been replacing classic combustion vehicles for many years in the automotive and heavy industry. This change has a positive impact on the environment and, in the case of working machines, also on the safety and comfort of operators. In underground mining plants, due to limited working space and difficult environmental conditions, the use of battery-powered electric vehicles (BEVs) in place of combustion machines with diesel engines brings even greater benefits in terms of the operator’s work conditions. This article presents the results of comprehensive tests of two roof bolters in a BEV and a vehicle with a combustion engine. The tests were performed in underground conditions, during normal operation of the machines. They covered many aspects of machines’ operation, such as availability; traction properties; battery use; cooling system; efficiency; costs; safety; and ergonomics in terms of gas emissions, noise, vibrations, and generally understood work comfort. The research results showed a significant advantage of the battery-powered machine over the one with a combustion engine. The tests in question are unique due to their scope and the fact that they were carried out in underground conditions, during normal operation, both for the internal combustion machine and its battery-powered equivalent.
In the paper, the authors presented an elaboration of the biomechanical model of a human in a sitting position for the dynamic tests related to the impact loads acting on operators of self-propelled mining machines. Here, the human body was replaced with a one-dimensional multi-mass model (in the form of concentrated masses connected with elastic and damping elements). The models of this type are currently used to study ergonomics in vehicles. However, their use is limited because they are adapted to much lower dynamic loads than those acting on the operator in accident situations in mines. Many models of this type, in which the stiffness and damping characteristics of the elements are constant, have been described in the literature. Due to the specificity of the analysed loads acting on the operator, the literature studies were mainly focused on models for vertical forces analysis. By developing non-linear stiffness characteristics, in the currently used car seat ergonomics linear biomechanical models, it was possible to use simple multi-mass models with several degrees of freedom to analyse the effects of dynamic excitation characterised by large displacements. The validation of the developed characteristics was performed using a full-size dummy in a sitting position positioned in the cabin, on the operator’s seat.
The changing requirements and needs of users as well as the demand for new mining machinery solutions pose a challenge for designers. Time spent on the design phase of a new machine is often reduced to a minimum. Small lot production and sometimes single piece production entails the necessity to frequently design and manufacture commercial copies, which are also prototypes. The only effective solution is to apply available CAD and CAE programs enabling digital prototyping. Their use allows for making a complete machine in a virtual environment. The virtual model is subjected to tests aimed at eliminating collisions, optimizing the construction as well as obtaining a lot of information concerning the load, kinematics, dynamics, stability and power demand. Digital prototyping enables avoiding the majority of errors whose detection and elimination in a real object is time-consuming and expensive. The article presents examples of the application of broadly understood computer aided designing of self-propelled mining machines, produced by Mine Master. The effects of applying the modelling, FEM strength analysis, static and dynamic simulations, modelling of drive systems have been demonstrated. The methods used to validate computer models and verify the parameters of finished machines have also been discussed.
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