Method of calculations and substantiation of requirements for engineering protection of critical infrastructure objects from UAVs with warheads

Abstract

Abstract. Aim of the study. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for calculations and substantiation of requirements for elements of engineering protection of key infrastructure objects (KIO) of the electric power and gas transportation systems of Ukraine against UAVs of the "Shahed" type. Methodology. The characteristics and design of the "Shahed" UAV were considered. It has been established that UAVs of the "Shahed-136" type pose the greatest danger, as they have the largest warhead. For large and/or key KIO structures, the case of a direct hit by a UAV is considered. The requirements for the arrangement are substantiated and a principled solution for the first-order circular engineering protection of the most important structures and equipment of KIO is proposed. It includes two layers: a protective screen and an impenetrable shell. The protective screen is designed to destroy the UAV or prematurely detonate its charge. The protective shell, from which the screen is located at some distance, is designed to retain debris and withstand the wave from the explosion. Findings. The method of calculations and substantiation of requirements for elements of engineering protection of OKIS was obtained. The sequence and analytical methods of calculations of both levels of protection are presented. When designing a protective screen, a concentrated impact from a UAV collision is calculated, and for a protective shell, shock wave pressure and debris permeability are calculated. Scientific innovation. The method of calculations and substantiation of requirements for elements of engineering protection of key infrastructure objects is proposed in the work for the first time. Practical value. A constructive solution was developed for the engineering protection of the process gas treatment plant against direct hits of the "Shahed-136" UAV using steel structures and sand filling. The procedure for carrying out work on the installation of the protection system is proposed.

Methods of calculation and engineering protection of critical infrastructure objects and other strategic facilities against long-range projectiles

“…In work [5], the first priority methods of engineering protection, which can be arranged in the shortest possible time, are considered. In the case of indirect hits and relatively small objects, the primary measures for their engineering protection include fencing with fortification gabions, with soil filling, the arrangement of ceilings over the objects with the help of wooden, reinforced concrete and steel-reinforced concrete elements, etc.…”

“…The most effective method of engineering protection for military centers and other objects of strategic importance can be the construction of protective structures of a continuous shelter, which cover with their profile the entire possible zone of damage by the enemy's means. Therefore, the work [5] proposed a successful principled solution to the primary circular engineering protection of the CIO with the help of two levels: a protective screen and an impermeable shell (of the "sarcophagus" type).…”

“…The frame of the protective screen can be made of metal or metalwood [9] structures, to which wall sandwich panels, panels building from cross-laminated timber [10,11] or a profiled sheet are attached. The stiffness of the metal nets proposed in [5] may not be enough to stop the projectile or initiate an explosion, besides, the size of the missiles, unlike UAVs, allows them to pass through the protective nets unimpeded. At the same time, the upper part of the protective screen can be made of mesh for air access, since such objects usually require air ventilation.…”

“…The study [5] indicates that the main types of enemy means for aerial targeting of CIO are airto-ground, ground-launched, and cruise missiles, as well as unmanned aerial vehicles of the "loitering munition" type. While missiles can be tracked and neutralized by air defense systems, loitering munitions, which are used by the Russian Federation, are characterized by launching from mobile platforms, mainly at night.…”