Method of accelerated fracture toughness KIc testing of metallic materials

The Imperial Society for the Promotion of Russian Trade and Shipping and the ‘oil issue’, 1875–1900

“…It is impossible to check this information but such suppositions only strengthened a negative image of an industrialist ready, 'for his own profit, to devastate and kill a developing Russian industry that provides livelihood for millions of Russian people'. 23 Novoye obozreniye also published Ragozin's replies to Mendeleev's articles (he published them in Moskovskiye vedomosti and Novoye vremya) about the necessity of an oil pipeline. Ragozin wrote: 'Mr.…”

“…Mendeleev and I came to life from the benches of the same faculty; he devoted himself to theory, me -to application'. 24 A special note presented to members of the Committee of Ministers by the ISPRTS Board expressed arguments for both sides based on appeals of stock exchange committees, the reports of Ragozin and Shulyatnikov, as well as Mendeleev's publications. Nevertheless, the document was designed to oppose the oil pipeline and to influence the decision as to its construction.…”

“…This review was published as a separate 300-page brochure in a special issue of the society's proceedings. 25 The society's Board mentioned that regardless of the value of tariffs, foreign entrepreneurs would easily and eagerly pay, keeping in mind current fluctuations of the rouble, to carry our national wealth abroad. This would inevitably have irreversible consequences for the Russian shipping fleet.…”

“…This would inevitably have irreversible consequences for the Russian shipping fleet. 26 ISPRTS had a strong argument: the 'projected oil pipeline might devastate and kill a developing Russian industry that provides a livelihood for millions of Russian people'. 27 Petitions on the construction of a pipeline specified that it would be used to sell 'oil residues'.…”

Model of Fracture, Friction, and Wear Phenomena of Porous Iron

“…where g is the crack distribution energy; T-linear crack front tension; E-elastic modulus; μ-Poisson's ratio. Expanding (1) in a series, since g T, we find Equation (4) is got in correlation assumption of specific energy of uniform deformation (A) and effective surface energy (γ eff ) of the Griffiths-Orowan theory [42]:…”