Method for the Analysis of Triadimefon and Ethofumesate from Dislodgeable Foliar Residues on Turfgrass by Solid-Phase Extraction and In-Vial Elution

Abstract

Triadimefon, a fungicide, and ethofumesate, an herbicide, are commonly applied to turfgrass in the Pacific Northwest, resulting in foliar residues. A simple and rapid method was developed to determine triadimefon and ethofumesate concentrations from dislodgeable foliar residues on turfgrass. Turfgrass samples were washed, and wash water containing surfactant (a 0.126% solution) was collected for residue analysis. This analytical method utilizes a 25 mm C(8) Empore disk and in-vial elution to quantitatively determine triadimefon and ethofumesate in 170 mL aqueous samples. The analytes were eluted by placing the disk in a 2 mL autosampler vial with 980 microL of ethyl acetate and 20 microL of 2-chlorolepidine, the internal standard, for analysis by GC/MS. The method quantitation limits are 0.29 microg/L for ethofumesate and 0.59 microg/L for triadimefon. The method detection limits are 0.047 microg/L and 0.29 microg/L for ethofumesate and triadimefon, respectively. Concentrations of triadimefon and ethofumesate from dislodgeable foliar residues from a field study are reported.

Pacific steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to chlorpyrifos: Benchmark concentration estimates for acetylcholinesterase inhibition

“…Chlorpyrifos analyses were conducted using a Hewlett‐Packard 6890 gas chromatograph (GC) (Avondale, PA, USA) coupled with a 5972A mass selective detector (GC/MS). Chemical extraction followed a modified in‐vial elution protocol [26]. Samples were collected on 25‐mm C 8 bonded‐phase silica Empore disks (Varian, Sugarland, TX, USA) by vacuum manifold, air dried, and placed directly into the GC/MS sample vial.…”

Environmental Mass Spectrometry

“…Brunow et al studied the incorporation of 3,4-dichloroaniline, a pesticide metabolite, into plant lignins (409). Runes et al developed a method for analyzing triadimefon (a fungicide) Ethofumesate (an herbicide) in foliar residues on turfgrass (410). Kunert et al used ICPMS to determine lead isotope ratios in moss samples (411), which allowed the different sources of atmospheric lead pollution to be determined.…”

Quantitative Determination of 1,4-Dioxane and Tetrahydrofuran in Groundwater by Solid Phase Extraction GC/MS/MS

“…Unlike cartridges, disks are pliable and can be removed from their supports, folded up, and placed directly into an autosampler vial where analytes are eluted into the GC injection solvent of choice ( , ). This approach is characterized by high recovery and precision typically less than 2% due to the elimination of sample handling steps during the elution process ( , ).…”

“…Unlike cartridges, disks are pliable and can be removed from their supports, folded up, and placed directly into an autosampler vial where analytes are eluted into the GC injection solvent of choice (31,32). This approach is characterized by high recovery and precision typically less than 2% due to the elimination of sample handling steps during the elution process (33,34). The purpose of this investigation was to develop a selective, sensitive, yet simple and rugged method for the determination of dioxane and THF in solvent-contaminated groundwater.…”