Method for residual household waste composition studies

Sahimaa, Olli; Hupponen, Mari; Horttanainen, Mika; Sorvari, Jaana

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2015.08.032

Cited by 44 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Therefore, an important question is how it is possible to address the residual waste fractions. In order to answer this question, it would be important to know its exact composition, as highlighted by Sahimaa et al [51].…”

Section: Limits Of the Policy MIX And Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Mixes to Achieve Absolute Decoupling: A Case Study of Municipal Waste Management

Montevecchi

2016

Sustainability

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Studying the effectiveness of environmental policies is of primary importance to address the unsustainable use of resources that threatens the entire society. Thus, the aim of this paper is to investigate on the effectiveness of environmental policy instruments to decouple waste generation and landfilling from economic growth. In order to do so, the paper analyzes the case study of the Slovakian municipality of Palarikovo, which has drastically improved its waste management system between 2000 and 2012, through the utilization of differentiated waste taxes and awareness-raising and education campaigns, as well as targeting increased recycling and municipal composting. We find evidence of absolute decoupling for landfilled waste and waste generation, the latter being more limited in time and magnitude. These policy instruments could therefore play an important role in municipalities that are still lagging behind in waste management. More specifically, this policy mix was effective in moving away from landfilling, initiating recycling systems, and to some extent decreasing waste generation. Yet, a more explicit focus on waste prevention will be needed to address the entirety of the problem effectively.

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Section: Limits Of the Policy MIX And Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

Policy Mixes to Achieve Absolute Decoupling: A Case Study of Municipal Waste Management

Montevecchi

2016

Sustainability

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“…Waste can be composed of significant fractions of various materials and smaller fractions of impurities, and the fractions or sizes of the waste components vary greatly from country to country, between different areas within a country, and also from season to season. Several studies have focused on characterizing the compositions of different types of waste, such as municipal waste and wood waste …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of particle granularity on smoldering fire in wood chips made from wood waste: An experimental study

et al. 2020

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Fires in wood waste storages cause financial losses, are difficult to extinguish, and emit large amounts of fire effluents. The mechanisms related to fires in wood chip piles are not well elucidated. To find suitable preventive measures for handling such fires in wood waste, a better understanding of the physical properties of wood waste is needed. The present study investigates how granularity affects mechanisms of smoldering fire and transition to flaming in wood chip piles. Eighteen experiments with samples inside a top-ventilated, vertical cylinder were conducted. Heating from underneath the cylinder induced auto-ignition and smoldering fire, and temperatures and mass loss of the sample were measured. The results showed that granularity significantly affects the smoldering fire dynamics. Material containing larger wood chips (length 4-100 mm) demonstrated more irregular temperature development, higher temperatures, faster combustion, and higher mass losses than material of smaller wood chips (length <4 mm). The larger wood chips also underwent transition to flaming fires. Flaming fires were not observed for small wood chips, which instead demonstrated prolonged and steady smoldering propagation. The differences are assumed to be partly due to the different bulk densities of the samples of large and small wood chips affecting the ventilation conditions. Increased knowledge about these combustion processes and transition to flaming is vital to develop risk-reducing measures when storing wood chips made from wood waste in piles.

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“…Its disadvantages are that it can be costly and vulnerable to demographic bias (i.e., samples collected not representative) [ 29 ]. The main approach to the direct measurement of household food waste, typically referred to as waste characterization studies [ 33 , 34 ] or waste composition studies [ 18 , 35 ], involves the curbside collection of household waste samples on their waste collection day. The waste samples typically represent a 1-2-week generation period.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Key strata used to measure household waste include: geographic location, household type (single family, multi-residential households), waste management system (e.g., bagged waste versus automated collection), housing type, urban/rural areas, socio-demographic differences, and season [ 27 , 29 , 35 – 39 ]. Ideally, representative sampling areas are randomly selected, although constrained for the above noted factors [ 38 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The quantity of food waste in the garbage stream of southern Ontario, Canada households

2018

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There is little consensus on the amount of worldwide food waste generation because many current estimates are indirect and link back to the same limited primary datasets, with much of the data originating from fieldwork undertaken in the 1970s and 1980s. Direct measurement of waste streams, through waste composition studies, can be used to develop accurate estimates of food waste disposal. In Ontario, Canada, municipalities that undertake household waste composition studies all use a common direct measurement methodology that includes a broad range of waste categories, including food waste. The purpose of this research was to estimate the quantity of food waste disposed, in the garbage stream, by households in southern Ontario, Canada, and determine if this common methodology could be expanded and serve as the basis of a standardized and rigorous household food waste measurement methodology. Household waste composition study data (2012–2015), including a single “food waste” category, were gathered from 9 Ontario municipalities, aggregated and analyzed to develop estimates of food waste in the garbage stream. On average, households disposed 2.40 kg/week of food waste in the garbage, which comprised 35.4% of this waste stream. This does not include any food waste otherwise disposed (e.g., sink) or recycled (e.g., composted). Urban households disposed significantly greater amounts of food waste compared to rural households in the spring (p = 0.01) and summer (p = 0.02). Households with access to a green bin program disposed significantly less food waste than those with no access to a green bin program in the spring (p = 0.03) and summer (p<0.01). The common methodology used to develop these estimates shows promise as the basis of a household food waste measurement methodology. This future methodology would include dividing food waste into avoidable and unavoidable food waste categories, as well as adding subcategories (e.g., avoidable fruits and vegetables).

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Method for residual household waste composition studies

Cited by 44 publications

References 15 publications

Policy Mixes to Achieve Absolute Decoupling: A Case Study of Municipal Waste Management

Policy Mixes to Achieve Absolute Decoupling: A Case Study of Municipal Waste Management

Effect of particle granularity on smoldering fire in wood chips made from wood waste: An experimental study

The quantity of food waste in the garbage stream of southern Ontario, Canada households

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