Method for Quantifying Variation in the Resistance of Electronic Cigarette Coils

Saleh, Qutaiba; Hensel, Edward; Robinson, Risa J

doi:10.3390/ijerph17217779

Cited by 8 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The test fixture presented in [ 17 , 29 ] was used to measure coil resistance, built by repurposing the housing of the PCU (power control unit) of the targeted ENDS, mimicking the geometrical and electrical conditions of the original ENDS. The test fixture provides measurement of the effective coil resistance which accurately represents the resistance seen by the PCU during operation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less attention has been given to the manufacturing variability of coil resistance and the relative impact on variations in aerosol yield. Our previous work [ 17 ] introduced a robust method to measure coil resistance of e-cigarettes and documented manufacturing variation in coil resistance of two popular pod-style ENDS: Vuse ALTO and JUUL. Pod units included in the test showed variation in coil resistance of ~30% and ~7.4% for ALTO and JUUL, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Manufacturing Variation in Electronic Cigarette Coil Resistance and Initial Pod Mass on Coil Lifetime and Aerosol Generation

Saleh

Hensel

Eddingsaas

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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This work investigated the effects of manufacturing variations, including coil resistance and initial pod mass, on coil lifetime and aerosol generation of Vuse ALTO pods. Random samples of pods were used until failure (where e-liquid was consumed, and coil resistance increased to high value indicating a coil break). Initial coil resistance, initial pod mass, and e-liquid net mass ranged between 0.89 to 1.14 [Ω], 6.48 to 6.61 [g], and 1.88 to 2.00 [g] respectively. Coil lifetime was µ (mean) = 158, σ (standard deviation) = 21.5 puffs. Total mass of e-liquid consumed until coil failure was µ = 1.93, σ = 0.035 [g]. TPM yield per puff of all test pods for the first session (brand new pods) was µ = 0.0123, σ = 0.0003 [g]. Coil lifetime and TPM yield per puff were not correlated with either variation in initial coil resistance or variation in initial pod mass. The absence of e-liquid in the pod is an important factor in causing coil failure. Small bits of the degraded coil could be potentially introduced to the aerosol. This work suggests that further work is required to investigate the effect of e-liquid composition on coil lifetime and TPM yield per puff.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Manufacturing Variation in Electronic Cigarette Coil Resistance and Initial Pod Mass on Coil Lifetime and Aerosol Generation

Saleh

Hensel

Eddingsaas

et al. 2021

IJERPH

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The test fixture presented in [25,32] was used to measure coil resistance, built by repurposing the housing of the PCU (power control unit) of the targeted ENDS, mimicking the geometrical and electrical conditions of the original ENDS. The test fixture provides measurement of the effective coil resistance which accurately represents the resistance seen by the PCU during operation.…”

Section: Coil Resistance Testing Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The coil resistance test fixture [25,32] was held vertically using a table top vise, to ensure consistency in the measurement and minimize error resulting from motion. The test fixture was connected to the digital multimeter and communicates with the PES-1 personal computer via USB serial connection.…”

Section: Coil Resistance Testing Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Less attention has been given to the manufacturing variability of coil resistance and the relative impact on variations in aerosol yield. Our previous work [25] introduced a robust method to measure coil resistance of ecigarettes and documented manufacturing variation in coil resistance of two popular pod-style ENDS: Vuse ALTO and JUUL. Pod units included in the test showed variation in coil resistance of ~30% and ~7.4% for ALTO and JUUL, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of Manufacturing Variation in Electronic Cigarette Coil Resistance and E-liquid Characteristics on Coil Lifetime and Aerosol Generation

Saleh¹,

Hensel²,

Nc³

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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This work investigated the effects of manufacturing variations including coil resistance, initial pod mass, and e-liquid color on coil lifetime and aerosol generation of Vuse ALTO pods. Random samples of pods were used until failure (where e-liquid was consumed, and coil resistance increased to high value indicating a coil break). Initial coil resistance, initial pod mass, and e-liquid net mass ranged between 0.89 to 1.14 [], 6.48 to 6.61 [g], and 1.88 to 2.00 [g] respectively. Coil lifetime with light color e-liquid was (mean) = 149, (standard deviation) = 10.7 puffs while pods with dark color e-liquid was = 185, = 22.7 puffs with a difference of ~36 puffs (p &lt;0.001). Total mass of e-liquid consumed until coil failure was = 1.93, = 0.035 [g]. TPM yield per puff of all test pods for the first session (brand new pods) was = 0.0123, = 0.0003 [g]. During usage, TPM yield per puff of pods with light color e-liquid was relatively steady while it was continuously decreasing for pods with dark e-liquid. Coil lifetime and TPM yield per puff were not correlated with either variation in initial coil resistance or variation in initial pod mass. The absence of e-liquid in the pod is an important factor in causing coil failure. Small bits of the degraded coil could be potentially introduced to the aerosol. There is a potential correlation of e-liquid color with both coil lifetime and TPM yield per puff. Change of e-liquid color might have been a result of oxidation which changed some nicotine into nicotyrine.

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Impact of e-Liquid Composition, Coil Temperature, and Puff Topography on the Aerosol Chemistry of Electronic Cigarettes

Burns

Tran

et al. 2021

Chem. Res. Toxicol.

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E-cigarette aerosol is a complex mixture of gases and particles with a composition that is dependent on the e-liquid formulation, puffing regimen, and device operational parameters. This work investigated mainstream aerosols from a 3 rd generation device, as a function of coil temperature (315 -510 °F, correspond to 157 -266 °C), puff duration (2 -4 s), and the ratio of propylene glycol (PG) to vegetable glycerin (VG) in e-liquid (100:0 -0:100). Targeted and untargeted analyses using liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry, gas chromatography, in-situ chemical ionization mass spectrometry, and gravimetry was used for chemical characterizations. PG and VG were found to be the major constituents (> 99%) in both phases of the aerosol. Most e-cigarette components were observed to be volatile or semivolatile under the conditions tested. PG was found almost entirely in the gas phase, while VG had a sizable particle component. Nicotine was only observed in the particle phase. The production of aerosol mass and carbonyl degradation products dramatically increased with higher coil temperature and puff duration, but decreased with increasing VG fraction in the e-liquid. An exception is acrolein, which increased with increasing VG. The formation of carbonyls was dominated by the heatinduced dehydration mechanism in the temperature range studied, yet radical reactions also played an important role. The findings from this study identified open questions regarding both pathways.The vaping process consumed PG significantly faster than VG under all tested conditions, suggesting that e-liquids become more enriched in VG and the exposure to acrolein significantly increases as vaping continues. It can be estimated that a 30:70 initial ratio of PG:VG in the e-liquid becomes almost entirely VG when 60-70% of e-liquid remains during the vaping process at 375 °F (191 °C). This work underscores the need for further research on the puffing lifecycle of ecigarettes.

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Method for Quantifying Variation in the Resistance of Electronic Cigarette Coils

Cited by 8 publications

References 31 publications

Effects of Manufacturing Variation in Electronic Cigarette Coil Resistance and Initial Pod Mass on Coil Lifetime and Aerosol Generation

Effects of Manufacturing Variation in Electronic Cigarette Coil Resistance and Initial Pod Mass on Coil Lifetime and Aerosol Generation

Effects of Manufacturing Variation in Electronic Cigarette Coil Resistance and E-liquid Characteristics on Coil Lifetime and Aerosol Generation

Impact of e-Liquid Composition, Coil Temperature, and Puff Topography on the Aerosol Chemistry of Electronic Cigarettes

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