Method for measuring mutagen formation potential (MFP) on chlorination as a new water quality index

Takanashi, Hirokazu; Urano, Kohei; Hirata, Makoto; Hano, Tadashi; Ohgaki, Shinichiro

doi:10.1016/s0043-1354(00)00433-4

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The MFP per weight (net rev./mg) of fenitrothion and 3M4NP is defined as the mutagenicity in an aqueous solution, which is chlorinated under the same conditions of chlorine dosage to carbon, pH, and reaction duration in water works, and is shown as a net number of revertant colonies compared with negative control (Takanashi et al, 2001). …”

Section: Estimation Of Mutagen Formation Potential Based On Fenitrothmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Fenitrothion and its Degradation Product 3-Methyl-4-nitrophenol in Water Environment

Kameya

Saito

Kondo

et al. 2012

J. of Wat. ^|^ Envir. Tech.

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The organophosphate pesticide fenitrothion and its degradation product 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (3M4NP), which possesses greater mutagen formation potential (MFP) than fenitrothion, were monitored. A total of 109 samples were collected from 41 sites of 12 rivers in the Tokyo metropolitan area and 71 samples were collected from 4 sites of 2 streams close to paddy fields in Kanagawa, Japan. The concentrations of fenitrothion and 3M4NP were determined by GC/MS with selected ion monitoring after solid-phase extraction and derivatization of 3M4NP with N, O-bis-(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA). Both fenitrothion and 3M4NP were below 1 µg/L (0 -0.083 µg/L of fenitrothion and 0 -0.156 µg/L of 3M4NP) in the river water samples, whereas fenitrothion and 3M4NP reached 0.16 and 1.6 µg/L, respectively, in the stream water samples. Seasonal and areal fluctuations were also observed in the streams. Nevertheless, the maximum concentration of 3M4NP appeared in late May at all sites. Furthermore, among the samples in which fenitrothion and/or 3M4NP were detected, 3M4NP largely contributed to the potential in 56% and 67% of the river and stream samples, respectively. These results strongly support the need for simultaneous monitoring of various pesticides and their degradation products, identification of degradation products and their MFP, and characterization of their behavior in water purification processes.

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Section: Estimation Of Mutagen Formation Potential Based On Fenitrothmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Fenitrothion and its Degradation Product 3-Methyl-4-nitrophenol in Water Environment

Kameya

Saito

Kondo

et al. 2012

J. of Wat. ^|^ Envir. Tech.

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“…Before measuring MFP, the water samples were chlorinated according to the procedure [6] illustrated in figure 2. The mutagens produced through the chlorination were concentrated 1,000 times by the adsorption-desorption method (a solid phase extraction method) [6].…”

Section: Sample Preparation For Ames Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mutagens produced through the chlorination were concentrated 1,000 times by the adsorption-desorption method (a solid phase extraction method) [6]. This method can recover more than 90% of the mutagens present from various water samples within an hour.…”

Section: Sample Preparation For Ames Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authors have proposed a new water quality index for the mutagen formation potential in chlorination (MFP), which is defined as mutagenicity of the sample chlorinated under the same conditions as in the water purification processes [6]. By applying the new index, we have investigated MFP for 65 discharged wastewaters, which meet the Japanese wastewater quality standards, and accordingly studied the possibility of mutagenic contamination of the river waters by these wastewaters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mutagen formation potential of river water and removal of mutagen precursor by activated carbon

Takanashi¹,

Nakajima²,

Ohki³

et al. 2007

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 104

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The mutagen formation potential (MFP) was measured for the river water, the raw sewage and the effluent of the sewage works by means of the Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay. MFP of the river water samples ranged from 1,200 to 22,000 net revertant colonies per liter of sample water. MFP of the effluent was from 5,300 to 22,000 net revertant colonies per liter. This survey showed that the removal percentages of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the sewage works were 62.0-79.3%. It also showed that MFP reductions at the same sewage works were 37.5-62.9%. There was no significant correlation observed between MFP and organic matter concentration for the river water samples. However, a weak correlation between ammonia nitrogen and MFP was observed for the same river water samples. These results indicate that MFP cannot be accurately estimated by use of the conventional water quality indices. When the samples contain a high concentration of ammonia nitrogen, it is difficult to control the amount of free chlorine dosages stoichiometrically, possibly resulting in the overdose of chlorine. An overdose of chlorine may cause further formation of mutagens. The isotherm of mutagen precursors adsorption onto the activated carbon (OL 20x50), which was purchased from Calgon Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, was studied using river water in order to explore the means of removing mutagen precursors from raw water used for the water supply. The adsorption isotherm attained fit well into the Freundlich model.

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“…The organic matters dissolved in the HWE and HTT eluents were 100 times concentrated into a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solution by a solid phase extraction (SPE) method using an adsorbent cartridge (Sep-Pak Plus CSP-800, Nihon Waters) according to a literature [13]. The mutagenicity of the eluent was evaluated by the Ames Salmonella mutagenicity assay according to the authorized method [14].…”

Section: Mutagenicity Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental impacts of wastewater from low-rank coal handling processes in terms of mutagenicity and acute toxicity

Nakajima¹,

Kuzumaki²,

Hasegawa³

et al. 2007

Environmental Health Risk IV

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Two low-rank coals, a sub-bituminous coal (BA) and a lignite (LY), were treated by hot water extraction (HWE) and hydrothermal treatment (HTT), and the environmental impacts of water-soluble matters eluted from coal by the HWE and HTT processes were evaluated in terms of TOC, mutagenicity, and the acute toxicity against freshwater organisms. When HWE was performed at 80°C, the degree of TOC for LY was much higher than that for BA. However, for HTT, the two coals gave comparable TOC values in L/S ratio of both 100 and 3. The HWE and HTT eluents of two coals were assessed by the Ames mutagenicity assay with Salmonella typhimurium TA100 and TA98 strains, and no notable mutagenicity was observed in the presence or absence of metabolic activation. When the mutagenicity of the 300ºC-HTT eluent of LY was analyzed, no notable mutagenicity was also observed. For the HWE and HTT eluents of LY, the acute toxicity test was carried out by use of Daphnia magna and Oryzias latipes. When the 80°C-HWE eluent was tested, almost no toxicity was observed for D. magna and O. latipes. However, when the HTT eluents were examined, the toxicity increased as the elevation of the HTT temperature, and the toxicity of organic matters dissolved in the 350°C-HTT eluent was comparable to that of reference phenolic compounds. From the FTIR analysis of organic matters eluted in the HTT eluents, it is found that the toxicity is caused by the presence of aromatic compounds with hydrophilic substituents, such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups.

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Method for measuring mutagen formation potential (MFP) on chlorination as a new water quality index

Cited by 23 publications

References 17 publications

Detection of Fenitrothion and its Degradation Product 3-Methyl-4-nitrophenol in Water Environment

Detection of Fenitrothion and its Degradation Product 3-Methyl-4-nitrophenol in Water Environment

Mutagen formation potential of river water and removal of mutagen precursor by activated carbon

Environmental impacts of wastewater from low-rank coal handling processes in terms of mutagenicity and acute toxicity

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