Method for Location of An External Dump in Surface Mining Using the A-Star Algorithm

Abstract

The construction of a surface mine always involves the necessity of accessing deposits through the removal of the residual overburden above. In the beginning phase of exploitation, the masses of overburden are located outside the perimeters of the excavation site, on the external dump, until the moment of internal dumping.In the case of lignite surface mines, these dumps can cover a ground surface of several dozen to a few thousand hectares. This results from a high concentration of lignite extraction, counted in millions of Mg per year, and the relatively large depth of its residual deposits.Determining the best place for the location of an external dump requires a detailed analysis of existing options, followed by a choice of the most favorable one.This article, using the case study of an open-cast lignite mine, presents the selection method for an external dump location based on graph theory and the A-star algorithm. This algorithm, based on the spatial distribution of individual intersections on the graph, seeks specified graph states, continually expanding them with additional elementary fields until the required surface area for the external dump -defined by the lowest value of the occupied site -is achieved. To do this, it is necessary to accurately identify the factors affecting the choice of dump location. On such a basis, it is then possible to specify the target function, which reflects the individual costs of dump construction on a given site. This is discussed further in chapter 3.The area of potential dump location has been divided into elementary fields, each represented by a corresponding geometrical locus. Ascribed to this locus, in addition to its geodesic coordinates, are the appropriate attributes reflecting the degree of development of its elementary field. These tasks can be carried out automatically thanks to the integration of the method with the system of geospatial data management for the given area.The collection of loci, together with geodesic coordinates, constitutes the points on the graph used during exploration. This is done using the A-star algorithm, which uses a heuristic function, allowing it to identify the optimal solution; therefore, the collection of elementary fields, which occupy the potential construction area of a dump, characterized by the lowest value representing the cost of occupation and dumping of overburden in the area.The precision of the boundary, generated by the algorithm, is dependent on the established size of the elementary field, and should be refined each time by the designer of the surface mine.

Method of Selecting Opening Cut Location Using Multi-Criteria Analysis of Decision Variant Mapping

“…In the design of surface mines, the work of [10] by authors Jurdziak and Kawalec can be pointed out, who, using optimisation tools based on the Lerchs-Grossmann algorithm, and depending on the value of coal prices, can optimise variants of target excavations to maximise resource utilisation or maximise NPV values. Zajączkowski et al in the paper [11], using heuristic algorithms, indicated the location of the external waste heap with the lowest cost of external disposal.…”