Method for High-Yield Hydrothermal Growth of Silica Shells on Nanoparticles

Abstract

Coating processes are commonly used in materials science to protect a core or modify material properties. We describe a hydrothermal coating process using TEOS (tetraethyl orthosilicate), a widely used precursor for silica coatings, on three representative template materials (carbon nanotubes, silica, and polystyrene nanoparticles) with different properties and shapes. We compare the efficiency of previously published protocols for silica coatings at room temperature and atmospheric pressure with the hydrothermal process at 160 °C and 3 bar. The hydrothermal method achieves higher yields and thicker silica coatings with the same amount of precursor when compared to the conventional way, thus offering higher effectiveness. Furthermore, the hydrothermal coating process yields more homogeneous shells with a higher density, making hydrothermal coating the method of choice when mechanical integrity and low permeability of the coating are required.

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“…49 The solvothermal method is developed on the basis of the hydrothermal method, which is an effective method for the syn-thesis of metal, semiconductor and polymer nanoparticles. 50 The difference is that it mainly uses organic matter or nonwater solvents, usually using ethanol, ethylene glycol and other solvents. Materials synthesized by this method have a uniform morphology and particle size, and abundant surface groups.…”