Method for fluvial and pluvial flood risk assessment in rural settlements

Tiepolo, Maurizio; Belcore, Elena; Braccio, Sarah; Issa, Souradji; Massazza, Giovanni; Rosso, Maurizio; Tarchiani, Vieri

doi:10.1016/j.mex.2021.101463

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…On monitoring and forecasting in EWS, several papers incorporate local risk knowledge into developing monitoring and forecasting tools mainly for slow onset hazards (i.e. drought) (Guthiga and Newsham 2011;Hiwasaki et al 2014;Masinde 2015;Acharya and Prakash 2019;Syamsidik et al 2020;Tiepolo et al 2021). Researchers who focus on methods such as forecast technologies and local knowledge validation tend to incorporate results in the monitoring and forecasting phase.…”

Section: Focus In the Four Pillars Of Early Warning Systems For Integ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the integration of local and scientific knowledge in early warning systems for disaster risk reduction: a review

Hermans

Trogrlić

Homberg³

et al. 2022

Nat Hazards

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The occurrence and intensity of some natural hazards (e.g. hydro-meteorological) increase due to climate change, with growing exposure and socio-economic vulnerability, leading to mounting risks. In response, Disaster Risk Reduction policy and practice emphasize people-centred Early Warning Systems (EWS). Global policies stress the need for including local knowledge and increasing the literature on integrating local and scientific knowledge for EWS. In this paper, we present a review to understand and outline how local and scientific knowledge integration is framed in EWS, namely: (1) existing integration approaches, (2) where in the EWS integration happens, (3) outcomes, (4) challenges, and (5) enablers. The objective is to critically evaluate integration and highlight critical questions about assumptions, goals, outcomes, and processes. In particular, we unpack the impact of power and knowledges as plural. We find a spectrum of integration between knowledges in EWS, mainly with dichotomy at the start: focus on people or technology. The most popular integration approaches are participatory methods such as ‘GIS mapping’ (technology) and methods that focus on ‘triangulation’ (people). We find that critical analysis of power relations and social interaction is either missed or framed as a challenge within integration processes. Knowledge is often seen as binary, embedded in the concept of ‘integration’. It is important to know what different knowledges can and cannot do in different contexts and acknowledge the hybrid reality of knowledge used for EWS. We argue that how we approach different knowledges in EWS has fundamental implications for the approaches to integration and its meaning. To this end, attention to the social processes, power dynamics, and context is crucial.

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Section: Focus In the Four Pillars Of Early Warning Systems For Integ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the integration of local and scientific knowledge in early warning systems for disaster risk reduction: a review

Hermans

Trogrlić

Homberg³

et al. 2022

Nat Hazards

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“…3 ). However, only images captured from unmanned aerial vehicles show without any doubt the roof material [8] .…”

Section: Experimental Design Materials and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dataset on the expansion and consolidation of flooded settlements in the Dosso Region, Niger

Tiepolo

Galligari

2022

Data in Brief

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“…Refugee camps in Ethiopia are mostly at risk from pluvial flooding because the camps are predominantly located in smaller catchments. The type of flooding can influence the type of adaptation measure taken within a camp [58]. Pluvial flood risk reduction measures may include improved camp drainage, retrofitting of structures, nature-based solutions, or early warning systems [59].…”

Section: Refugee Camp Flood Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unknown risk: assessing refugee camp flood risk in Ethiopia

Bernhofen,

Blenkin,

Trigg

2023

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The number of global refugees has been rising annually for the last decade. Many of these refugees are housed within camps, in temporary structures, vulnerable to the impacts of flooding. The flood risk of refugees is not well understood. Flood risk guidance available for camp planners and managers is vague, and existing flood risk data is often lacking in the remote areas where camps are typically located. We show how global data should, and should not, be used to assess refugee flood risk in Ethiopia; a country hosting 725,000 refugees, primarily from 4 neighbouring countries, in 24 camps. We find that global population datasets, typically used in national flood risk assessments, do not accurately capture camp populations. Even the most accurate global population datasets are missing three fifths of camp flood exposure. We propose, and test, alternative approaches for representing exposure that combine reported estimates of camp population with data on camp area, building footprints, and population density. Applying these approaches in our national flood risk assessment, we find that 95.8% of camps in Ethiopia are exposed to flooding of some degree and between 143,208 (19.8%) and 182,125 refugees (25.2%) are exposed to a 1% Annual Exceedance Probability flood (100-year return period). South Sudanese refugees are the nationality most exposed to flooding, but Eritrean refugees are the nationality most exposed to flooding with a high risk to life. Promisingly, we find that many camps may be set up in such a way that reduces the exposure of refugees to flooding. Our study demonstrates that global data, augmented with local data, can be useful for understanding the flood risk of refugee camps. The consistent scalable approach can be used as a first-order analysis of risk, identifying risk hotspots, and helping to prioritize further detailed analyses to inform within-camp adaptation.

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Method for fluvial and pluvial flood risk assessment in rural settlements

Cited by 11 publications

References 17 publications

Exploring the integration of local and scientific knowledge in early warning systems for disaster risk reduction: a review

Exploring the integration of local and scientific knowledge in early warning systems for disaster risk reduction: a review

Dataset on the expansion and consolidation of flooded settlements in the Dosso Region, Niger

Unknown risk: assessing refugee camp flood risk in Ethiopia

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