Method for determining the electronegativity of bound atoms of chemical elements with a small atomic number

Abstract

The classical approach of James and Brindley for determining the shielding of a nucleus by electrons from the atomic form factor of the scattering of x rays is generalized for atoms in a bound state. It is shown that for chemical elements with atomic number Z < 10, the ratio of the peaks of coherent IR and incoherent IC scattering in the range of (sin θ)/λ from 0.7 to 2.0 Å−1 is determined by the form factor of scattering by internal electrons of the (1, 0) level. For each atom in a multicomponent system, there is only one adjustable parameter—the effective charge Z* = (Z − s), which characterizes the shielding of the nucleus by electrons. Fitting the dependence IR/IC ((sin θ)/λ) allows you to determine Z* for each free or bound atom and calculate its electronegativity. The values of the electronegativity of lithium, boron, carbon, oxygen, and fluorine in compounds with different types of chemical bonds are analyzed.