Method for Accurately Evaluating Flow Capacity of Individual Film-Cooling Rows of Engine Components

Abstract

A laboratory experimental method and an analysis technique are presented for evaluation of individual film-cooling row flow capacity characteristics. The method is particularly suited to complex systems such as hot section nozzle guide vanes (NGV) with lossy feed system characteristics. The method is believed to be both more accurate and more experimentally efficient than previous techniques. The new analysis technique uses an experimentally calibrated network model to represent the complex feed system and replaces the need for internal loss measurements, which are both demanding and inaccurate. Experiments are performed in the purpose-built University of Oxford Coolant Capacity Rig (CCR), a bench-top, blow-down type facility with atmospheric back-pressure. The design of the CCR is informed by the requirements to assess engine-scale film-cooled components rapidly, accurately, and precisely. Improvements in the experimental method include a differential mass flow rate measurement method (which eliminates the effect of leaks and minimizes the number of rows that must be blanked, ensuring that the internal coupling is as close as possible to the engine condition) and a variable bypass flow which ensures the mass flow measurement nozzle always operates within its calibrated range. We demonstrate the method using two high-pressure (HP) NGV designs: an engine part with relatively uncoupled (in terms of internal loss) cooling rows; and a laser-sintered part with highly coupled cooling rows. We show that the individual-row flow capacity of a high-pressure nozzle guide vane (HPNGV) can be evaluated in the CCR in a single day to a 2σ precision of approximately 0.5% and a 2σ accuracy (bias) of 0.6%. The importance of performing individual-row capacity measurements is demonstrated: failure to scale flow capacity on a row-by-row basis introduces an error of 30% in the engine situation.

Impact of Rotor-Casing Effusion Cooling on Turbine Performance and Operating Point: An Experimental, Computational, and Theoretical Study

“…where Γ row,j is the steady flow capacity of the row, p 0ci and T 0ci are the measured coolant stagnation conditions within the plenum, and p ej is the predicted static pressure at row exit (from time-averaged URANS simulation, nondimensionalized in terms of the turbine-inlet total pressure, then scaled using the turbine-inlet total pressure measured during the particular run). The row capacity characteristics, Γ row,j , were measured experimentally via a series of blowdown tests (conducted in a separate facility) exhausting to the atmosphere, using the high-accuracy differential mass flowrate measurement technique devised by Kirollos and Povey [13]. The sensitivity of Γ row,j (p 0ci /p ej ) to the Reynolds number changes and coolant gas properties was not accounted for, as the correction factor was estimated to be small in comparison with the overall uncertainty in the mass flowrate measurement.…”