Method for accurate measurement of complex permittivity of tissue equivalent liquids

Toropainen, A.P.; Vainikainen, P.; Drossos, A.

doi:10.1049/el:20000126

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Different phantom liquids were prepared for each frequency band according to the standard EN50383 [CENELEC, 2002]. The dielectric properties measured with a TEM-line sensor are given in Table 2 [Toropainen et al, 2000]. The center point of the antennas was placed directly below the center point of the phantom.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific absorption rate and electric field measurements in the near field of six mobile phone base station antennas

Toivonen

Toivo

Puranen

et al. 2009

Bioelectromagnetics

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In this article, the exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields was studied in close proximity (distances of 10, 100, 300, and 600 mm) to six base station antennas. The specific absorption rate (SAR) in 800 mm x 500 mm x 200 mm box phantom as well as unperturbed electric field (E) in air was measured. The results were used to determine whether the measurement of local maximum of unperturbed electric field can be used as a compliance check for local exposure. Also, the conservativeness of this assessment method compared to the ICNIRP basic restriction was studied. Moreover, the assessment of whole-body exposure was discussed and the distance ranges presented in which the ICNIRP limit for local exposure could be exceeded before the limit for whole-body SAR. These results show that the electric field measurement alone can be used for easy compliance check for the local exposure at all distances and for all antenna types studied. However, in some cases when the local peak value of E was compared directly to the ICNIRP reference level for unperturbed E, the exposure was overestimated only very slightly (by factor 1.1) compared to the basic restriction for localized SAR in a human, and hence these results can not be generalized to all antenna types. Moreover, it was shown that the limit for localized exposure could be exceeded before the limit for the whole-body average SAR, if the distance to the antenna was less than 240 mm.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific absorption rate and electric field measurements in the near field of six mobile phone base station antennas

Toivonen

Toivo

Puranen

et al. 2009

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…To mitigate the sensitivity issues, the TEM-mode coaxial transmission line method developed by Toropainen et al [6] is used. The dielectric properties of the liquid mixture are obtained based on the measurement of the magnitude and phase of the complex scattering coefficient S 21 from the VNA.…”

Section: Validation Of Tissue Simulating Liquidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) safety assessment for Wireless Network after Next (WNaN) radio antennas

Suoto

Breckenridge

Hoppe

et al. 2010

2010 IEEE International Conference on Wireless Information Technology and Systems

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“…The dielectric parameters of the liquid were measured with a TEMline sensor connected to a network analyser [Toropainen et al, 2000]. The dielectric properties of PE were found from the literature [ITT, 1975].…”

Section: Validation Of Numerical Dosimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Setup and dosimetry for exposing anaesthetised pigs in vivo to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone fields

Toivonen¹,

Toivo²,

Pitkäaho³

et al. 2008

Bioelectromagnetics

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The aim of this study was a dosimetrical analysis of the setup used in the exposure of the heads of domestic pigs to GSM-modulated radio frequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) at 900 MHz. The heads of pigs were irradiated with a half wave dipole using three different exposure routines; short bursts of 1-3 s at two different exposure levels and a continuous 10-min exposure. The electroencephalogram (EEG) was registered continuously during the exposures to search for RF-EMF originated changes. The dosimetry was based on simulations with the anatomical heterogeneous numerical model of the pig head. The simulation results were validated by experimental measurements with the exposure dipole and a homogeneous liquid phantom resembling the pig head. The specific absorption rate (SAR), defined as a maximum average over 10 g tissue mass (SAR(10g)), was 7.3 W/kg for the first set of short bursts and 31 W/kg for the second set of short bursts. The SAR(10g) in the continuous 10-min exposure was 31 W/kg. The estimated uncertainty for the dosimetry was +/-25% (K = 2).

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Method for accurate measurement of complex permittivity of tissue equivalent liquids

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Specific absorption rate and electric field measurements in the near field of six mobile phone base station antennas

Specific absorption rate and electric field measurements in the near field of six mobile phone base station antennas

Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) safety assessment for Wireless Network after Next (WNaN) radio antennas

Setup and dosimetry for exposing anaesthetised pigs in vivo to 900 MHz GSM mobile phone fields

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