Method comparison and generation of plasma biochemistry RIs for the White rhinoceros on a point‐of‐care and wet chemistry analyzer

Hooijberg, Emma H.; Steenkamp, Gerhard; Buss, Peter; Goddard, Amelia

doi:10.1111/vcp.12490

Cited by 13 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Fibrinogen reference intervals for Perissodactyla, using the same modified Clauss method in this study, have not been published, but values in healthy horses appear to range from 2.0 to 3.5 g/L, similar to the reference interval in white rhinoceros (49)(50)(51). Similar to previous reports for plasma albumin and albumin determined by serum protein electrophoresis, serum albumin reference intervals are lower in the white rhinoceros than in other Perissodactyla species (22,23). This may be due, in part, to the high globulin concentrations reported for this species (22).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Rhinoceros calves injured or orphaned due to poaching activity need to be cared for in rehabilitation centers (21). Several reports describe the clinical pathology of this species in order to better understand, diagnose and treat these animals (22)(23)(24). One significant finding was that injured white rhinoceros did not exhibit serum protein electrophoretic changes consistent with inflammation, but showed decreases in various protein fractions that were probably related to increased protein loss and catabolism during wound healing (22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of the Acute Phase Response in Healthy and Injured Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)

et al. 2020

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Acute phase reactants (APRs) have not been investigated in white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). This study aimed to identify clinically useful APRs in this species. Reference intervals (RIs) were generated for albumin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, iron and serum amyloid A (SAA) from 48 free-ranging animals, except for SAA (n = 23). APR concentrations between healthy animals and those with tissue injury (inflammation) (n = 30) were compared. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses. RIs were: albumin 18-31 g/L, fibrinogen 1.7-2.9 g/L, haptoglobin 1.0-4.3 g/L, iron 9.7-35.0 µmol/L, SAA <20 mg/L. Iron and albumin were lower and fibrinogen, haptoglobin and SAA higher in injured vs. healthy animals. Iron showed the best diagnostic accuracy followed by fibrinogen, albumin, haptoglobin and SAA. Iron ≤ 15.1 µmol/L and haptoglobin >4.7 g/L were significant predictors of inflammatory status and together correctly predicted the clinical status of 91% of cases. SAA > 20 mg/L had a specificity of 100%. In conclusion, albumin and iron are negative and fibrinogen, haptoglobin and SAA positive APRs in the white rhinoceros. The combination of iron and haptoglobin had an excellent diagnostic accuracy for detecting inflammation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Acute Phase Response in Healthy and Injured Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)

et al. 2020

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“…Clinical pathology plays an important role in the diagnosis and monitoring of animal disease, and clinical chemistry reference intervals for the white rhinoceros for various analytical methods have been recently published [ 3 , 4 ]. Noteworthy in these recent, as well as older studies, is the high concentration of serum or plasma total protein (particularly globulins) and low concentration of albumin in this species [ 4 ]. Mean concentrations reported for total serum or plasma protein range from 76–101 g/L, albumin from 25–28 g/L and globulins from 66–77 g/L [ 3 – 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum protein electrophoresis in healthy and injured southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)

et al. 2018

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Investigation of globulin fractions by serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) is the first step towards evaluation of the proteome in the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). Furthermore, identification of changes in globulins in animals with poaching and other injuries can guide discovery of potentially useful biomarkers of inflammation. The aim of this study was to develop reference intervals for agarose gel SPE in healthy white rhinoceros and to compare these serum protein electrophoresis results to those from animals with tissue trauma. Reference intervals for total serum protein and agarose gel electrophoretic albumin and globulin fractions were generated using serum samples from 49 healthy free-ranging adult white rhinoceros. A standardised gating system together with identification of specific proteins by mass spectrometry aided in fraction identification. Six globulin fractions were identified: α1a, α1b, α2, β1, β2 and γ. Reference intervals were generated for total serum protein (76–111 g/L), albumin (10–27 g/L) and globulin fractions (α1a: 1.6–3.2 g/L; α1b: 1.7–3.6 g/L; α2: 16.1–26.6 g/L; β1: 6.6–18.2 g/L; β2: 11.8–30.4 g/L; γ: 10.4–23.1 g/L; albumin: globulin ratio: 0.12–0.39). Results were compared to those from 30 animals with various degrees and chronicities of tissue trauma. Wounded animals had lower concentrations of total serum protein, albumin, total globulin, α and β1 globulins, lower percentages of α2 and β1 globulins, and higher percentages of β2 and γ globulins. These protein changes are similar to those seen in human patients with wounds rather than classic acute phase or chronic inflammatory responses.

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“…A wet chemistry analyzer (Cobas Integra 400 Plus) is used in the authors’ laboratory for routine rhinoceros samples, but this analyzer has not been validated for this species and is another field method. Results of a method comparison between the VetTest and Cobas Integra for 10 of the analytes investigated here are detailed in a separate publication . Using bias obtained from comparison with a field method for quantification of TE a and QC validation can overestimate the error assigned to the comparative method and was not used in the calculations here .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The VetTest proved suitable for use in the White rhinoceros with heparin plasma samples, although the upper reportable limits for AST and LDH were much lower than those provided by the manufacturer for other species. Method comparison data and RI for this POCA are presented in a separate study …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytic and quality control validation and assessment of field performance of a point‐of‐care chemistry analyzer for use in the White rhinoceros

Hooijberg

Steenkamp

Preez

et al. 2017

Veterinary Clinical Pathol

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Background: A chemistry point-of-care analyzer would be useful for evaluating injured wildlife, particularly White rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) that survive poaching attempts. The IDEXX VetTest could be suitable, but species-specific validation, development of a statistical quality control (QC) strategy, and evaluation under field conditions are necessary. Objectives: The objectives were to (1) validate the VetTest for the White rhinoceros, (2) perform QC validation on the VetTest and generate a statistical QC strategy, and (3) apply this QC strategy to monitor performance under typical field conditions. Methods: Differences between White rhinoceros heparin plasma and serum, short-term imprecision, and reportable range using rhinoceros plasma and long-term imprecision using commercial quality control material (QCM) were assessed against prescribed total allowable error (TE a ) for up to 15 analytes. Quality control validation was performed using data from the long-term imprecision study and TE a . A QC strategy using QCM was developed and used to monitor performance under field conditions. Results: Imprecision was acceptable for all analytes except for ALP, ALT, and AST at low activities. The reportable range for AST and LDH differed from the manufacturer's specifications. Eleven analytes were suitable for statistical QC using the 1 3s rule, 3 using the 2 s rule; ALP was not suitable. In the field, observed error was < TE a for all 15 analytes and the sigma metric was > 3.0 for 12 analytes. Conclusions: The VetTest is suitable for use in the White rhinoceros. Statistical QC is possible for most analytes and useful for evaluation of field performance.

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Method comparison and generation of plasma biochemistry RIs for the White rhinoceros on a point‐of‐care and wet chemistry analyzer

Abstract: Plasma samples from White rhinoceros can be evaluated on both the VetTest and Cobas. Results from this study will aid conservation efforts directed toward this species.

Cited by 13 publications

References 31 publications

Assessment of the Acute Phase Response in Healthy and Injured Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)

Assessment of the Acute Phase Response in Healthy and Injured Southern White Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)

Serum protein electrophoresis in healthy and injured southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum)

Analytic and quality control validation and assessment of field performance of a point‐of‐care chemistry analyzer for use in the White rhinoceros

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