Method and device for the removal of samples of organs and tissues for histological investigation

Abstract

The dimensional characteristics, spatial location, and configuration of tissue structures are modeled by the naturally tensed state or pre-set deformation of organs and tissues. At the same time, the naturally tense in situ or the deformed state of structures set experimentally in tensile testing machines are disturbed in samples taken for histological investigation [3, 6]. Therefore, the morphometric and geometric characteristics of vascular, neural, and connective tissue structures of organs and tissues are reflected in histological specimens inaccurately in the former case, and in the latter case do not correspond to the actual changes in them.Various methods which partially eliminate the deformation of specimens when they are removed and processed in fLxing fluids are used in histological practice. These are the snail methods, pinning to cardboard, or a cork, wood, or wax plates,' or their placement between two glass slides, etc. [1, 2, 4, 5,[7][8][9]. However, tlaese have a number of deficiencies. In these methods, the tissue specimen is first excised in situ, or is freed from the deforming load in a tensile testing machine, and orgy then is mechanically f'uted. Therefore, none of these eliminate the largest and most substantial, that is, the initial deformation, which is formed at the moment of the excision of the specimens from the whole organ or tissue, or when they are released from the crosspieces of the tensile testing machine. Thus, according to the data of S. Stoychev, et al.[10], a specimen excised from the common carotid, renal, or brachial arteries shrinks by 20%, from the femoral artery by 17%, from the common iliac artery by 15%, and from the external iliac artery by 10%. In addition, these methods do not make it possible to derive the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the functional and destructive changes of the fibroangio-and neuroarchitectonics at various stages of deformation, since when the load is removed, the specimen completely or partially returns to the initial state. Thus, the methods enumerated above are inaccurate, laborious, and do not make it possible to analyze histological changes in biomechanical investigations.The alstmction of the method we have proposed resides in the fact that the specimen is initially mechanically fLxed, and is only then excised from the integral organ or tissue, or from the crosspieces of the tensile testing machine at the stage of the required deformation. A special device was designed to accomplish the fixation of the specimen in situ or in a biochemical experiment. It consists of two surgical Bilroth or Kocher artery forceps, arranged parallel to one another, the shanks of which are rigidly fastened to one another by metal plates.After the specimen is grasped by this device, it is excised from the outer aspects of the device and it is placed along with it into fixing liquid, and then passed through alcohols, chloroform, and one batch of paraffin (Fig. 1). The deformation of the specimen is thus eliminated during chemical fixation, dehydr...

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