Methionine requirement of the enterally fed term infant in the first month of life in the presence of cysteine

Huang, Lisi; Hogewind-Schoonenboom, Jacomine E.; Dongen, Mariska J. A. van; Groof, Femke de; Voortman, Gardi; Schierbeek, Henk; Twisk, Jos W. R.; Vermes, András; Chen, Chao; Huang, Ying; Goudoever, Johannes B. van

doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.028779

Cited by 30 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This necessitates dietary supplementation with L-cysteine to partially fulfill the demand for this amino acid in edematous severe acute malnutrition [105]. Effects of dietary supplementation with L-cysteine or its precursors on animals under different pathological conditions [106][107][108][109][110][111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124] are summarized in Tables 2 and 3. Taken together, these findings indicate that direct provision of L-cysteine in diets is required under conditions of impaired L-methionine catabolism so as to maintain whole-body protein synthesis and physiological homeostasis.…”

Section: Effects Of Supplemental L-methionine As a L-cysteine Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

l‐Cysteine metabolism and its nutritional implications

Yin

Ren

Yang

et al. 2015

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

277

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

L-Cysteine is a nutritionally semiessential amino acid and is present mainly in the form of L-cystine in the extracellular space. With the help of a transport system, extracellular L-cystine crosses the plasma membrane and is reduced to L-cysteine within cells by thioredoxin and reduced glutathione (GSH). Intracellular L-cysteine plays an important role in cellular homeostasis as a precursor for protein synthesis, and for production of GSH, hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), and taurine. L-Cysteine-dependent synthesis of GSH has been investigated in many pathological conditions, while the pathway for L-cysteine metabolism to form H(2)S has received little attention with regard to prevention and treatment of disease in humans. The main objective of this review is to highlight the metabolic pathways of L-cysteine catabolism to GSH, H(2)S, and taurine, with special emphasis on therapeutic and nutritional use of L-cysteine to improve the health and well-being of animals and humans.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Supplemental L-methionine As a L-cysteine Precursormentioning

confidence: 99%

l‐Cysteine metabolism and its nutritional implications

Yin

Ren

Yang

et al. 2015

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

277

188

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The expert group notes that new data on infant amino acid requirements are emerging [46,47,48], which may require revised definitions of minimum contents of non-dispensable and conditionally indispensable amino acids in IF and FUF in the future. Maximum levels of amino acid contents in FUF do not need to be set given that maximum levels of total protein are established.…”

Section: Recommendations For Fuf Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional Requirements of Follow-Up Formula for Use in Infancy: Recommendations of an International Expert Group Coordinated by the Early Nutrition Academy

Koletzko¹,

Bhutta

Cai

et al. 2012

Ann Nutr Metab

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The follow-up formula (FUF) standard of Codex Alimentarius adopted in 1987 does not correspond to the recently updated Codex infant formula (IF) standard and current scientific knowledge. New Zealand proposed a revision of the FUF Codex standard and asked the non-profit Early Nutrition Academy, in collaboration with the Federation of International Societies for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (FISPGHAN), for a consultation with paediatric nutrition experts to provide scientific guidance. This global expert group strongly supports breastfeeding. FUF are considered dispensable because IF can substitute for breastfeeding throughout infancy, but FUF are widely used and thus the outdated current FUF standard should be revised. Like IF, FUF serve as breast milk substitutes; hence their marketing should respect appropriate standards. The compositional requirements for FUF for infants from 6 months onwards presented here were unanimously agreed upon. For some nutrients, the compositional requirements for FUF differ from those of IF due to differing needs with infant maturation as well as a rising contribution of an increasingly diversified diet with advancing age. FUF should be fed with adequate complementary feeding that is also appropriate for partially breastfed infants. FUF could be fed also after the age of 1 year without safety concerns, but different compositional requirements should be applied for optimal, age-adapted milk-based formulations for young children used only after the age of 1 year. This has not been considered as part of this review and should be the subject of further consideration.

show abstract

“…The recommended methionine intake for infants is currently based on breast milk, which is 28 mg/(kg•d) (WHO, 2007), however a recent minimum estimate of 38 mg/(kg•d) was determined by feeding graded levels of methionine to infants (Huang et al, 2012). While those values are similar, and widespread methionine deficiencies are not expected in the population, this discrepancy demonstrates the complexity in determining the methionine requirement, as breast milk may contain different quantities of methyl donors or transmethylation products than commercial infant formulations.…”

Section: Neonatal Methionine Requirementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of dietary methyl donors on methionine partitioning in the neonatal piglet

Robinson

2015

Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The metabolism of the indispensable amino acid methionine is critical during development. Methionine is used to synthesize protein for growth and, using the methionine cycle, it is the precursor of >50 critical nutrients and contributes to epigenetic regulation. Therefore, the dietary methionine requirement must factor all the potential roles of methioine. Three major processes summarize the methionine cycle: transmethylation (TM), which transfers methyl groups to nutrient precursors and DNA; transsulfuration (TS), which represents methionine disposal; and remethylation (RM), which resynthesizes methionine using the dietary methyl donors folate and choline (via betaine). Dietary intakes of folate vary drastically, and choline intakes are often below the adequate intakes during preganancy and in early life, which we hypothesized would influence the methionine requirement. To test our hypothesis, we fed 4--8 day old neonatal piglets a low--methionine diet that was either deficient (MD-), or replete (MS+), in dietary methyl donors. We evaluated how methionine was balanced between the major TM reactions and protein synthesis. The MD-group exhibited marked differences in TM as creatine synthesis was ≈30% less (p<0.05), and phosphatidylcholine synthesis was ≈60% more (p<0.05) during MD-feeding. Interestingly, while MD-feeding did not affect liver protein synthesis, the methionine availablity and protein synthesis were lower in skeletal muscle of the MD-vs. MS+ animals (p<0.05). Furthermore, whole body protein turnover was also reduced during MD-feeding (p<0.05), which is significant as protein turnover is especially critical during infancy. Next, we measured the effect of methyl donors on the rates of TM, TS, and RM. The rates of RM and TM were iii reduced by ≈75% in the MD-group (p<0.05), while TS was unchanged. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of individual methyl donors on RM, we 'rescued' a second group of MD-animals with betaine (MD+B), folate (MD+F) or both (MD+FB). The rate of RM and TM increased by ≈2--fold after rescue (p<0.05) and reduced protein breakdown (p<0.05). These studies showed that dietary methyl donors affect neonatal methionine metabolism, which should be considered when defining the dietary requirements of methionine during development.iv

show abstract

Methionine requirement of the enterally fed term infant in the first month of life in the presence of cysteine

Cited by 30 publications

References 44 publications

l‐Cysteine metabolism and its nutritional implications

l‐Cysteine metabolism and its nutritional implications

Compositional Requirements of Follow-Up Formula for Use in Infancy: Recommendations of an International Expert Group Coordinated by the Early Nutrition Academy

The effects of dietary methyl donors on methionine partitioning in the neonatal piglet

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About