Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Prevalence and current susceptibility pattern in Sikkim

Tsering, Dechen C; Pal, Ranabir; Kar, Sumit

doi:10.4103/0974-777x.77289

Cited by 30 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The higher frequency of S. aureus isolation in pus samples compared to blood samples has been reported in other studies in the region and elsewhere [22, 29, 30]. Other investigators have however reported the converse [31]. The observed variation in proportion of S .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern among Patients—A Multicenter Study in Asmara, Eritrea

Garoy

Gebreab

Achila

et al. 2019

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

144

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Background. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a well-recognized public health problem throughout the world. The evolution of new genetically distinct community-acquired and livestock-acquired MRSA and extended resistance to other non-β-lactams including vancomycin has only amplified the crisis. This paper presents data on the prevalence of MRSA and resistance pattern to other antibiotics on the selected specimen from two referral hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 130 participants recruited from two referral hospitals in Asmara, Eritrea. Isolation of S. aureus was based on culture and biochemical profiles. Standard antimicrobial disks representing multiple drug classes were subsequently set for oxacillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results. S. aureus isolation rate from the 130 samples was 82 (63.1%). Patients <18 years of age were more likely to be colonized by S. aureus compared to patients above 61 years. The proportion of MRSA among the isolates was 59 (72%), methicillin-intermediate S. aureus (MISA) was 7 (8.5%), and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) was 15 (19.5%). The isolates were mostly from the pus specimen in burn, diabetic, and surgical wound patients. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that 13 (15.9%) of the isolates were resistant to vancomycin, 9 (11.0%) to erythromycin, and 1 (1.2%) to gentamicin. Coresistance of MRSA isolates to some commonly used antibiotics was also noted: oxacillin/erythromycin 5 (6.1%) and oxacillin/vancomycin 9 (11%). A few isolates were resistant to oxacillin/vancomycin/erythromycin 2 (2.4%) and oxacillin/gentamicin and erythromycin 1 (1.2%). Conclusion. This study reports a relatively high prevalence of MRSA. Isolates that are resistant to other tested antibiotics including vancomycin are also reported. The data have important implication for quality of patients care in the two settings: antibiotic selection and infection control practices, and the need for additional studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 50%

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern among Patients—A Multicenter Study in Asmara, Eritrea

Garoy

Gebreab

Achila

et al. 2019

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiolog

144

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“…[91011121314151617181920] Multi-resistant enterobacteriaceae due to the production of extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) have become very common in India. [1112] In addition, various studies in South India highlighted the drug resistance pattern like multidrug resistant Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae , Ciprofloxacin resistant Salmonella enteric serovar Typhi , emergence of vancomycin-intermediate staphylococci , fluoroquinolone resistance among Salmonella enteric serovar Paratyphi A, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to ceftazidime, cefepime and ciprofloxacin.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent study in Sikkim, India found that MRSA was seen in 111out of 291 clinical specimens (38.14%) of S. aureus and 41out of 196 carrier screening nasal samples (20.92%) of S. aureus and overall a total of 152 isolates of S. aureus from 487 specimens (31.21%) were found to be methicillin resistant. [20] Result of 88 references showed a steady increase in the number of vancomycin-intermediate and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus in hospitalized patients with highlighting the spread of MRSA from the hospital to the community. [24] Another study showed increased rate of inducible clindamycin resistance among CA-MRSA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial resistance in India: A review

Kumar¹,

Adithan²,

Harish³

et al. 2013

J Nat Sc Biol Med

182

102

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Antimicrobial resistance is an important concern for the public health authorities at global level. However, in developing countries like India, recent hospital and some community based data showed increase in burden of antimicrobial resistance. Research related to antimicrobial use, determinants and development of antimicrobial resistance, regional variation and interventional strategies according to the existing health care situation in each country is a big challenge. This paper discusses the situational analysis of antimicrobial resistance with respect to its problem, determinants and challenges ahead with strategies required in future to reduce the burden in India. Recent data from Google search, Medline and other sources were collected which was reviewed and analyzed by the authors. Hospital based studies showed higher and varied spectrum of resistance in different regions while there are limited number of community based studies at country level. There exists lacunae in the structure and functioning of public health care delivery system with regard to quantification of the problem and various determining factors related to antimicrobial resistance. There is an urgent need to develop and strengthen antimicrobial policy, standard treatment guidelines, national plan for containment of AMR and research related to public health aspects of AMR at community and hospital level in India.

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“…High rates of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in clinical samples have been noted in one study from North East India. [ 5 ] Similarly, resistance to the glycopeptide antibiotics such as vancomycin and tiecoplanin among clinical isolates of enterococci is also increasing. [ 6 ] Empirical treatment of infection in the cancer patient is often arbitrarily attempted by administration of broad spectrum or combination antibiotics until culture, and susceptibility results are available.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates in a tertiary care cancer center

Bhat

Gupta

Kelkar

et al. 2016

Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol

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Introduction:This increased risk of bacterial infections in the cancer patient is further compounded by the rising trends of antibiotic resistance in commonly implicated organisms. In the Indian setting this is particularly true in case of Gram negative bacilli such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter spp. Increasing resistance among Gram positive organisms is also a matter of concern. The aim of this study was to document the common organisms isolated from bacterial infections in cancer patients and describe their antibiotic susceptibilities.Methods:We conducted a 6 month study of all isolates from blood, urine, skin/soft tissue and respiratory samples of patients received from medical and surgical oncology units in our hospital. All samples were processed as per standard microbiology laboratory operating procedures. Isolates were identified to species level and susceptibility tests were performed as per Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines -2012.Results:A total of 285 specimens from medical oncology (114) and surgical oncology services (171) were cultured. Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter spp. were most commonly encountered. More than half of the Acinetobacter strains were resistant to carbapenems. Resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae to cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones and carbapenems was >50%. Of the Staphylococcus aureus isolates 41.67% were methicillin resistant.Conclusion:There is, in general, a high level of antibiotic resistance among gram negative bacilli, particularly E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter spp. Resistance among Gram positives is not as acute, although the MRSA incidence is increasing.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: Prevalence and current susceptibility pattern in Sikkim

Cited by 30 publications

References 11 publications

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern among Patients—A Multicenter Study in Asmara, Eritrea

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Prevalence and Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern among Patients—A Multicenter Study in Asmara, Eritrea

Antimicrobial resistance in India: A review

Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates in a tertiary care cancer center

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