Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): A Review

Grema, Hafsat Ali; Geidam, Yaqub Ahmed; Gadzama, Galadima; Ameh, J. A.; Suleiman, Abubakar

doi:10.14737/journal.aavs/2015/3.2.79.98

Cited by 85 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 76 publications

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“…Hospital-acquired MRSA strains are resistant not only to beta-lactam agents but also to other types of antibiotics, and mostly associated with type I, II and III SCC mec . However, community-acquired MRSA strains are usually resistant to beta-lactams but susceptible to other antimicrobials, and linked mostly with the SCC mec type IV and V [6, 7]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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BackgroundThe burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major public health concern worldwide; however the overall epidemiology of multidrug resistant strains is neither coordinated nor harmonized, particularly in developing countries including Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcos aureus and its antibiotic resistance pattern in Ethiopia at large.MethodsPubMed, Google Scholar, and lancet databases were searched and a total of 20 studies have been selected for meta-analysis. Six authors have independently extracts data on the prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Statistical analysis was achieved by using Open meta-analyst (version 3.13) and Comprehensive meta-analysis (version 3.3) softwares. The overall prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotic resistance pattern were pooled by using the forest plot, table and figure with 95% CI.ResultsThe pooled prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was 32.5% (95% CI, 24.1 to 40.9%). Moreover, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains were found to be highly resistant to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, and amoxicillin, with a pooled resistance ratio of 99.1, 98.1, 97.2 and 97.1%, respectively. On the other hand, comparably low levels of resistance ratio were noted to vancomycin, 5.3%.ConclusionThe overall burden of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus is considerably high, besides these strains showed extreme resistance to penicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin and amoxicillin. In principle, appropriate use of antibiotics, applying safety precautions are the key to reduce the spread of multidrug resistant strains, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in particular.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis

et al. 2016

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“…The indiscriminate use of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections has been suggested to be responsible for the appearance of multidrug-resistant bacteria such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains [14]. In this context, alternatives to antibiotic therapy are more than welcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm by Lactobacillus isolated from fine cocoa

et al. 2016

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BackgroundBiofilm production represents an important virulence and pathogenesis factor for Staphylococcus aureus. The formation of biofilms on medical devices is a major concern in hospital environments, as they can become a constant source of infection. Probiotic bacteria, such as Lactobacillus fermentum and L. plantarum, have been found to inhibit biofilm formation; however little is known about the underlying mechanism. In this study, we tested the activity of supernatants produced by L. fermentum TCUESC01 and L. plantarum TCUESC02, isolated during the fermentation of fine cocoa, against S. aureus CCMB262 biofilm production. We measured inhibition of biofilm formation in vitro and analyzed biofilm structure by confocal and electronic microscopy. Additionally, we quantified the expression of S. aureus genes icaA and icaR involved in the synthesis of the biofilm matrix by real-time PCR.ResultsBoth Lactobacillus supernatants inhibited S. aureus growth. However, only L. fermentum TCUESC01 significantly reduced the thickness of the biofilm, from 14 μm to 2.83 μm (at 18 mg∙mL−1, 90 % of the minimum inhibitory concentration, MIC), 3.12 μm (at 14 mg∙mL−1, 70 % of the MIC), and 5.21 μm (at 10 mg∙mL−1, 50 % of the MIC). Additionally, L. fermentum TCUESC01 supernatant modulated the expression of icaA and icaR.Conclusions L. fermentum TCUESC01 reduces the formation of S. aureus biofilm under subinhibitory conditions. Inhibition of biofilm production probably depends on modulation of the ica operon.

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“…Staphylococcus aureus, a Gram-positive bacterium, is a member of the family Micrococcaceae, whose cells tend to occur either singly or if dividing cells do not separate, form pairs, tetrads and distinctive irregular "grape-like" structures [1]. Staphylococcus aureus is a very important bacterium because it can cause a wide range of diseases such as rashes, inflammations of bones and the meninges as well as septicemia and has a capacity to adapt to different environments [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on quinoline derivatives as anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) agents

Kumar

2020

BMC Chemistry

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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) consists of strains of S. aureus which are resistant to methicillin. The resistance is due to the acquisition of mecA gene which encodes PBP2a unlike of any PBPs normally produced by S. aureus. PBP2a shows unusually low β-Lactam affinity and remains active to allow cell wall synthesis at normally lethal β-Lactam concentrations. MRSA can cause different types of infections like Healthcare associated MRSA, Community associated MRSA and Livestock associated MRSA infections. It causes skin lesions, osteomyelitis, endocarditis and furunculosis.To treat MRSA infections, only a few options are available like vancomycin, clindamycin, co-trimoxazole, fluoroquinolones or minocycline and there is a dire need of discovering new antibacterial agents that can effectively treat MRSA infections. In the current review, an attempt has been made to compile the data of quinoline derivatives possessing anti-MRSA potential reported to date.

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Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): A Review

Cited by 85 publications

References 76 publications

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Ethiopia: a meta-analysis

Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm by Lactobacillus isolated from fine cocoa

A review on quinoline derivatives as anti-methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) agents

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