Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in a long-term care facility: hypothesis about selection and transmission

Abstract

we identified that both molecular and epidemiological arguments support the hypothesis of the possibility of MRSA cross-transmission inside the LTCF. Further studies are needed to confirm and explain the association identified between MRSA carriage and medical imaging.

Current prevalence of multidrug-resistant organisms in long-term care facilities in the Rhine-Main district, Germany, 2013

“…The MRSA prevalence we observed was lower than in MRSA surveys in recent years in the US [41][42][43][44][45], China [46], the UK [16], France [20], Ireland [15], and Italy [24], but higher than in the Netherlands and Sweden [14,22] (Table 3). …”

“…MDRO are regarded as a potentially serious threat to elderly people living in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Although various studies on the prevalence of MRSA in LTCFs in Germany [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] and other European countries [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] have been published (< 1% in the Netherlands and Sweden, > 20% in Ireland and the United Kingdom (UK)), studies on the prevalence of MRGN such as extended-spectrum betalactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) among nursing home residents in German and in European LTCFs are scarce [7,14,24,26,27]. Although an increasing trend in the occurrence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae and even CRO is found in hospitals all over Europe [1,3,28,29], a lack of knowledge on multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO) in nursing homes has to be stated.…”

Prevalence of Methicillin‐Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Residents and Staff in Nursing Homes in Northern Ireland

“…45,46 In addition, there was no information about the transfer of MRSA between nursing home and hospital. Nursing home residents are at high risk of admission to the hospital, 10,25 and therefore, given the high number of MRSA-positive residents in the current study, transfer of these residents to the hospital may contribute to the further spread of MRSA. CONCLUSION This is one of the largest studies of MRSA prevalence in U.K. nursing homes, confirming that MRSA is a problem in this setting.…”

“…The wide diversity of MRSA strains circulating within nursing homes suggests that transmission of MRSA is not confined to within the facility. 10 The nursing home is not a closed system; there is a constant turnover of residents and individuals who appear to have unique MRSA strains. These individuals may have the same MRSA strain as residents who are no longer in the home or were not available for sampling on the day of the researcher's visit.…”

“…However, because many hospitals report high MRSA colonization rates in older patients 6 and because it has been shown that S. aureus colonization increases with advancing age, 7,8 concerns have also been expressed that residents in nursing homes represent an important reservoir of MRSA. 9,10 Nursing homes provide an ideal environment for the acquisition and spread of MRSA, with residents at greater risk of colonization for a number of reasons, including chronic illness and debilitation, multiple exposure to antimicrobial agents, and presence of pressure ulcers and indwelling devices. [11][12][13][14][15] Patients discharged from the hospital who are MRSA-positive or colonized staff may introduce MRSA into a nursing home.…”