Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An occupational health hazard in the prehospital setting

Amiry, Alaa Al

doi:10.1016/j.joad.2015.06.003

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…[1][2][3] EMS personnel role as first responders to biological disasters is well documented. 4 Over the course of the COVID-19 progress, reports from many locations indicated major increases in EMS call volume. For example, in New York City (NYC) alone, EMS call volume rose from an usual daily high of 4000 calls to over 7000 calls.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Calls During COVID-19: Early Lessons Learned for Systems Planning (A Narrative Review)

Amiry¹,

Maguire²

2021

OAEM

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Background: Over the course of the COVID-19 progress, reports from many locations around the world indicated major increases in EMS call volume, which imposed great pressure on EMS dispatch centers (EMSDC) globally. No studies yet have been done to examine this phenomenon. Objective: This paper examines the interrelated effects of the unprecedented global increase of EMS call, the effect of the COVID-19 crisis on responding to non-COVID-19 emergencies, and the concurrent effects of having overwhelmed dispatch centers. It tries to explain the current evidence of the bottleneck of EMS calls during the early phase of the worldwide pandemic. Eligibility Criteria: We examine the numbers of EMS calls internationally between March and June 2020, derived from published literature and news media. Only articles in English were selected, with certain keywords related to EMS calls, ambulance delay, stroke and cardiac arrest. Source of Evidence: Google Scholar was the main searching source. Results: After applying the selection criteria, a total of 29 citations were chosen, and a pattern of knowledge resulted in the emergence of five themes: EMS calls during COVID-19, Reduced EMS operator response time, Ambulance response delays, Collateral mortality and morbidity among non-COVID-19 cases, and Total ambulance call time. Conclusion:Over the course of COVID-19 progress, there was a global phenomenon of exponential increases in EMS calls, which is expected to impose a great pressure on EMS dispatch centers. Several factors contributing to the bottleneck of EMS calls are identified and explained.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Calls During COVID-19: Early Lessons Learned for Systems Planning (A Narrative Review)

Amiry¹,

Maguire²

2021

OAEM

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“…Out of 71 isolates of S. aureus, one was MRSA positive. The S. aureus carriage rate of internees recorded in this study was at par with the general population, whereas MRSA carriage rate was significantly low in spite of their continuous exposure with patients in clinical settings [18,19]. A similar kind of study was conducted in our institution last year by involving secondyear MBBS students [20].…”

Section: Shreyas Et Almentioning

confidence: 78%

Is Acquisition of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus - An Occupational Hazard for Medical Students in India?

Shreyas

Radhakrishna

Hegde

et al. 2017

Asian J Pharm Clin Res

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Objective: The incidence of community-acquired and hospital-acquired Staphylococcus aureus infections has been rising with increasing emergence of drug-resistant strains called methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of carriage rate of MRSA among the interns of tertiary care teaching hospital in Mangalore.Methods: A total of 150 interns were participated, thereby swabs from both anterior nares were collected and processed for S. aureus. The isolated strains of S. aureus were screened for methicillin susceptibility by modified Kirby-Bauer method using cefoxitin (30 µg) disc. Further, antibiotic susceptibility testing for all isolates of S. aureus was also done against selected appropriate antibiotics. Vancomycin susceptibility testing for MRSA was done by E test. Results:The number of strains of S. aureus isolated from our 150 participants was 71 with a percentage rate of 47.3. Of the 71 isolates of S. aureus, one (1.4%) was MRSA. The overall MRSA carriage rate was 0.66%. The S. aureus and MRSA carriage rates recorded in this study were at par and significantly lower, respectively, when compared with other reported studies. It was observed that risk factors such as the use of antibiotics in the past 6 months and smoking were found to be statistically significant in nasal carriage status of S. aureus (<0.05). The only one isolate of MRSA was found to be sensitive to vancomycin, linezolid, and teicoplanin. Conclusion:It was concluded that the acquisition of S. aureus and MRSA would not be an occupational hazard for medical students of developing countries like India.

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“…Microbes knowing neither geographic nor political borders, often arriving silently and lethally, constitute a grave threat to the health of human. Recently, the prime threat in infection treatment appeared when Staphylococcus aurous resistant strain (SARS) outbreak occurred . Now, not only SARS but number of other multidrug resistant bacteria are also increasing at an alarming rate and provide diagnostic, therapeutic, and infection control challenges .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

^99m Tc-tazobactam, a novel infection imaging agent: Radiosynthesis, quality control, biodistribution, and infection imaging studies

Rasheed

Naqvi

Gillani

et al. 2017

J. Label Compd. Radiopharm

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The radiolabeled drug Tc-tazobactam ( Tc-TZB) was developed and assessed as an infection imaging agent in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica infection-induced animal models by comparing with inflammation induced animal models. Radiosynthesis of Tc-TZB was assessed while changing ligand concentration, reducing agent concentration, pH, and reaction time while keeping radioactivity constant (~370 MBq). Percent labeling of the resulting complex was measured using paper chromatography and instant thin layer chromatography. The analysis of the Tc-TZB complex indicated >95% labeling yield and electrophoresis revealed complex is neutral in nature. The biodistribution study also showed predominantly renal excretion; however liver, stomach, and intestine also showed slight tracer agent uptake. The agent significantly accumulated in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica infection induced tissues 3.58 ± 0.26% and 2.43 ± 0.42% respectively at 1 hour postinjection. The inflamed tissue failed to uptake noticeable activity at 1 hour time point. The scintigraphic study results were found in accordance with biodistribution pattern. On the basis of our preliminary results, the newly developed Tc-TZB can be used to diagnose bacterial infection and to discriminate between infected and inflamed tissues.

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: An occupational health hazard in the prehospital setting

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Calls During COVID-19: Early Lessons Learned for Systems Planning (A Narrative Review)

Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Calls During COVID-19: Early Lessons Learned for Systems Planning (A Narrative Review)

Is Acquisition of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus - An Occupational Hazard for Medical Students in India?

^99m Tc-tazobactam, a novel infection imaging agent: Radiosynthesis, quality control, biodistribution, and infection imaging studies

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