Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : An update on the epidemiology, treatment options and infection control

Boswihi, Samar S.; Udo, Edet E.

doi:10.1016/j.cmrp.2018.01.001

Cited by 117 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…It was noteworthy that five strains were resistant to ceftaroline. Penicillin binding protein 2a has a low affinity to beta-lactam antibiotics comprising penicillin, cephalosporin and carbapenems except the newely approved drug, ceftaroline [30]. Such drug, a fifth generation of cephalosporins, has approved by US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2010 for the treatment of MRSA skin and soft tissue infections as well as it has been used to treat MRSA in refractory cases [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusamong healthy farm animals: a public health concern

Abdel-Moein

Zaher

2019

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an emerging pathogen causing serious public health threats. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of multidrugresistant MRSA among apparently healthy farm animals to shed the light on the potential role of these animals as a reservoir for such pathogen. For this purpose, 195 nasal swabs from apparently healthy farm animals (52 sheep, 51 goats, 47 cattle and 45 buffalo) were screened for multidrug-resistant MRSA. MRSA was isolated using a selective chromogenic medium and identified by colonial characters, Gram's stain films, conventional biochemical tests, coagulase test, resistance to cefoxitin and amplification of nuc and mecA genes. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing profile was performed by disk diffusion method to identify multidrugresistant MRSA. Of 195 samples, 7 yielded MRSA with an overall prevalence 3.6%, whereas the prevalence rates were 3.8%, 3.9%, 4.3% and 2.2% for sheep, goats, cattle and buffalo, respectively. All MRSA isolates were multidrug-resistant strains. The phylogenetic analysis of 2 mecA gene sequences from the obtained isolates revealed that both sequences were clustered in the same clade with those derived from human clinical cases from different countries to highlight the public health burden of such strains. The distribution of multidrug-resistant MRSA among all examined farm animal species being apparently healthy points out that farm animals could represent a potential reservoir for multidrug-resistant MRSA with public health implications. ARTICLE HISTORY KEYWORDSMRSA; farm animals; multidrug resistance; public health Isolation and identification of MRSASamples were enriched overnight in 5 ml tryptone soy broth (TSB) containing 6.5% NaCl before plating on CHROMagar MRSA medium (CHROMagar, France)CONTACT Hala M. Zaher

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusamong healthy farm animals: a public health concern

Abdel-Moein

Zaher

2019

International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine

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“…Vancomycin has been the choice in the treatment of infections by this resistant pathogen [58]. However, in the late 1990s, MRSA strains with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin were isolated and, eventually, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains were later detected [59]. Some HA-MRSA clones, usually associated with nosocomial infections, have spread to the community.…”

Section: Methicillin-resistant S Aureusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Lineages in Wild Animals in Europe: A Review

et al. 2020

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Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunist pathogen that is responsible for numerous types of infections. S. aureus is known for its ability to easily acquire antibiotic resistance determinants. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of infections both in humans and animals and is usually associated with a multidrug-resistant profile. MRSA dissemination is increasing due to its capability of establishing new reservoirs and has been found in humans, animals and the environment. Despite the fact that the information on the incidence of MRSA in the environment and, in particular, in wild animals, is scarce, some studies have reported the presence of these strains among wildlife with no direct contact with antibiotics. This shows a possible transmission between species and, consequently, a public health concern. The aim of this review is to better understand the distribution, prevalence and molecular lineages of MRSA in European free-living animals.

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“…However, recently, other pathogens have gained importance. S. aureus has become the predominant causative organism in the world, in both hospital settings as well as the community, followed by CoNS [36, 1]. Accordingly, S. aureus was the most commonly isolated pathogen (52.6%), followed by CoNS (26.3%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. aureus is a dangerous and versatile human pathogen because of its ability to cause various types of infections, including skin and soft tissue sepsis, pneumonia, bloodstream infections (BSIs), osteomyelitis and infective endocarditis (IE) [1]. Higher mortality rate (15–25%) was recently reported from serious S. aureus infections, particularly bacteremia and endocarditis [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Staphylococcal Superantigens and their association among bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis patients in Egypt

Elsherif

Helal

El-Ansary

et al. 2020

Preprint

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31Aim: Infective endocarditis (IE) is a major complication of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus infection 32 in humans particularly those with bacteremia. Although Staphylococcus species are commensal 33 on or in different parts of the human body, it is also known to be a serious pathogen causing 34 bacteremia and sepsis that could lead to IE. Therefore, our aim was to assess the prevalence as 35 well as phenotypic and genotypic association of the Staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs) among 36 bacteremic and IE patients.37 Methods: This study was conducted on Staphylococcus isolates recovered from bacteremic and 38 IE patients. The isolates were screened phenotypically for the detection of SAgs including 39Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) and toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). Molecular 40 detection and analysis of sea, seb, sec, sed, see and tsst-1, the major SAgs coding genes were 41 performed using PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis, respectively. The obtained findings were 42 statistically analyzed using standard methods. 43Results: Detection of SAgs using ELISA revealed that 12 (46%) isolates were positive for 44 enterotoxin production. However, the PCR revealed that 19 (73%) isolates were positive for 45 enterotoxin genes with the highest prevalence of the sea gene (79%), followed by the seb (63%), 46 tsst-1 (21%). The least frequent gene was the sed (5.3%). Accordingly, phenotypic and genotypic 47 screening for prevalence of SAgs among Staphylococcal isolates showed significant difference 48 (P value =0.046703), however, no significant correlation could be observed among the coagulase 49 negative Staphylococci (CoNS) isolates (P value =0.248213). Statistical correlations between 50 bacteremic and IE isolates with respect to prevalence of SAgs, showed no significant difference 51 (P-value = 0.139, Effect size = 0.572) indicating no specific association between any of the 52 detected SAgs and IE. 3 53 Conclusion: no significant difference has been found between Staphylococcal IE and bacteremia 54 isolates regarding both phenotypic and genotypic detection of the most commonly SAgs. 55 Therefore, all Staphylococcal bacteremic patients are suspected for IE. Also, future work should 56 be conducted for analysis of SAgs gene expression. 57 58 59 Introduction 60 S. aureus is a dangerous and versatile human pathogen because of its ability to cause various 61 types of infections, including skin and soft tissue sepsis, pneumonia, bloodstream infections 62 (BSIs), osteomyelitis and infective endocarditis (IE) [1]. Higher mortality rate (15-25%) was 63 recently reported from serious S. aureus infections, particularly bacteremia and endocarditis 64 [2,3]. IE is a major devastating complications of Staphylococcal bacteremia [3,4]. In 2018, 65 Asgeirsson et al. reported that S. aureus is the foremost cause of IE where it comprises about 15-66 40% of all IE cases worldwide [3]. 67 IE is caused principally with bacteria or fungi where serious clinically relevant complications 68 including, damaging of one or more of the ...

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : An update on the epidemiology, treatment options and infection control

Cited by 117 publications

References 57 publications

Occurrence of multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusamong healthy farm animals: a public health concern

Occurrence of multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusamong healthy farm animals: a public health concern

Molecular Epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus Lineages in Wild Animals in Europe: A Review

Prevalence of Staphylococcal Superantigens and their association among bacteremic and Infective Endocarditis patients in Egypt

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