Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates from surfaces and personnel at a hospital laundry facility

Michael, Karen; No, David; Roberts, Marilyn C.

doi:10.1111/jam.13202

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…High touch surfaces were selected at the temple sites, which were areas that the primates often touched. Solid surfaces were swabbed with sponges to collect the bacteria on the surfaces as previously described (Michael et al, 2016).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRSA Strains in Nepalese Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Their Environment

Roberts

Joshi²,

Monecke

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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This study looked at 227 saliva samples from Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and 218 samples from the surrounding environments. From these samples, MRSA isolates were collected from Rhesus saliva samples (n = 13) and environmental samples (n = 19) near temple areas in Kathmandu, Nepal. For comparison, selected MRSA isolates (n = 5) were obtained from patients with wound infections from a Kathmandu hospital. All isolates were characterized using Abbott StaphyType® DNA microarrays. Eighteen isolates (62%) from monkeys (n = 4; 31%) and environmental samples (n = 14; 74%), were CC22-MRSA-IV. Most (n = 16) of them carried both, the PVL locus and toxic shock toxin gene (tst1), an unusual combination which is the same as in previously characterized strain from Nepalese macaques and pigs. The five human isolates also belonged to that strain type. Eight monkey MRSA isolates were CC361-MRSA-IV. One MRSA from a monkey and one from an environmental sample, were CC88-MRSA-V. Other environmental MRSA included one each, CC121-MRSA-VT, and CC772 -MRSA-V. Two were CC779-MRSA-VT, potentially a novel clone. All MRSA carried the blaZ gene. The aacA–aphD, dfrA, and erm (C) genes were very common in isolates from all sources. One macaque MRSA carried the resistance genes aphA3 and sat, neither previously identified in primate MRSA isolates. This current study suggests that humans could be a potential source of the MRSA in the macaques/environment and transmission may be linked to humans feeding the primates and/or living in close proximity to each other.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRSA Strains in Nepalese Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Their Environment

Roberts

Joshi²,

Monecke

et al. 2019

Front. Microbiol.

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“…; Michael et al . ). Evans demonstrated that people might be infected with environmental viruses through different pathways (Evans et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The cellular and molecular mechanism of glutaraldehyde-didecyldimethylammonium bromide as a disinfectant againstCandida albicans

et al. 2018

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Objectives: In our previous research, we have developed a new combination disinfectant, glutaraldehyde-didecyldimethylammonium bromide (GD). It was verified that GD had a strong effect on both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. In this work, Candida albicans was selected as an object, and it could be killed by GD. We aimed to investigate the cellular and molecular mechanism of GD effecting on C. albicans. Methods and Results: The results of sterilization experiment indicated that GD was effective on C. albicans. Flow cytometry and atomic absorption spectrometry were applied to detect cell membrane damage of C. albicans. Luciferase reaction and Bradford method were carried out to detect ATP content and protein quantitation. Transmission electron microscopy was used for intracellular organelles morphological observation. In order to study changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, Rh 123 was used as an indicator. DNA conformation analysis was performed by molecular modelling and circular dichroism. The results indicated that membrane permeability was increased rapidly owing to GD effect, and the leaked K + and Mg 2+ were about 12Á1 and 12Á4 times those of the control, respectively, at 10 min after GD treatment. Simultaneously, ATP and protein also leaked rapidly out of the cell. Mitochondrial membrane potential was destroyed, succinic dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased and DNA conformation was changed because of GD action. Conclusions: Glutaraldehyde-didecyldimethylammonium bromide disinfected C. albicans through distorting cell membrane integrity and permeability, disturbing the intracellular homeostasis by intracellular substances leakage, especially K + , Mg 2+ , ATP and protein, causing electrolyte imbalance of mitochondria, changing DNA structure, which finally led to cell death.

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“…Several studies have reported the high incidence of these coliforms in wastewater from hospital laundries. 37,66,75 In this sense, the scientific community reports several cases of infection in hospital laundries: 65 rotaviruses, Clostridium difficile, 49,51,61 influenza virus (H1N1), 73 Streptococcus spp., 182 Enterococcus spp., 70,71 Acinetobacter spp., 69 Staphylococcus spp., 68,183 Pseudomonas, 67 Bacillus spp. 54 and hepatitis A virus.…”

Section: Characterization Of Laundry Effluentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Natural Coagulants/Flocculants in the Treatment of Hospital Laundry Effluents

Abreu¹,

Montel²,

Scapin³

2020

Preprint

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Water is a fundamental substance for the existence of life on earth. However, globally there is a freshwater crisis. Hospitals generate exorbitant volumes of effluents (5 to 15 times more toxic than urban ones). Hospital laundry is known for demanding the highest volumes of water, generating a proportional amount of complex effluents with high toxicity and recalcitrance. Adequate treatment for hospital wastewater is always an essential solution. Among all treatment methods, coagulation/flocculation emerges as one of the best alternatives. However, the use of traditional compounds such as aluminium sulfate has caused secondary pollution; its residues are harmful to public and environmental health. In this sense, the present study used natural compounds that do not cause adverse effects, such as chitosan/hydroxyapatite, to clarify the laundry effluents of the largest hospital from the Tocantins. The results showed that the hydroxyapatite associated with chitosan, at pH 6 and dosage of 50 mg/L, reduced the turbidity and apparent colour of these wastewaters by up to 67 and 55%, respectively. With lower performance and higher dosage (60 mg/L), the chitosan gel used (pH 6) promoted a maximum reduction of 35% of the apparent colour and 40% of turbidity.

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Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusisolates from surfaces and personnel at a hospital laundry facility

Abstract: This is the first report of isolation and characterization of MRSA from surfaces and personnel from a clinical laundry facility.

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

MRSA Strains in Nepalese Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Their Environment

MRSA Strains in Nepalese Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) and Their Environment

The cellular and molecular mechanism of glutaraldehyde-didecyldimethylammonium bromide as a disinfectant againstCandida albicans

Use of Natural Coagulants/Flocculants in the Treatment of Hospital Laundry Effluents

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