Methanolysis of CaO based catalyst derived from egg shell-snail shell-wood ash mixed for fatty acid methylester (FAME) synthesis from a ternary mixture of Irvingia gabonensis -Pentaclethra macrophylla - Elais guineensis oil blend: An application of simplex lattice and central composite design optimization

Study on the derived based catalysts from Theobroma cacao pod husks for the conversion of beef tallow blend with waste used vegetable oil for fatty acid ethyl ester synthesis: burnt, submerged fermented, calcination, hybrid design, catalyst refining and reusability

“…The recovered catalysts were tried for its effectiveness by carried out the reusability tests however the catalyst was rst re ned. Puri cation stage was carried out by the method used by Adepoju et al (2020a) [21] with modi cations as; the obtained catalyst was washed with an alcohol to eliminate the contaminate adhere at the catalyst interface as a result of transesteri cation processes. The catalyst puri ed with alcohol was centrifuged at 3500 rpm using an inbuilt heating vacuum centrifuge, and separated by decantation.…”

“…This observation was in line with what was earlier reported that catalyst basic strength decreases due to continuous intermediate products monoglyceride and diglyceride resulted as a result of the reaction, which obstructed the catalyst holes. The formation of water to oxygen reaction that occurred at the catalyst surface also reduces the catalyst sensitivity (Trisupakitti et al, 2017;Adepoju et al, 2020a;Adepoju et al, 2020c) [16,24,25].…”

Study on the derived based catalysts from Theobroma cacao pod husks for the conversion of beef tallow blend with waste used vegetable oil for fatty acid ethyl ester synthesis: burnt, submerged fermented, calcination, hybrid design, catalyst refining and reusability

“…The recovered catalysts were tried for its effectiveness by carried out the reusability tests however the catalyst was first refined. Purification stage was carried out by the method used by Adepoju et al [21] with modifications as; the obtained catalyst was washed with an alcohol to eliminate the contaminate adhere at the catalyst interface as a result of transesterification processes. The catalyst purified with alcohol was centrifuged at 3500 rpm using an inbuilt heating vacuum centrifuge, and separated by decantation.…”

Study of the derived based catalysts from Theobroma cacao pod husks for the conversion of Beef Tallow blend with Waste used vegetable oil for fatty acid ethyl ester synthesis: Burnt, Submerged fermented, Calcination, Hybrid Design, Catalyst refining and reusability

“…The recovered catalysts were tested for its e ciency by carried out the reusability test but were puri ed before reused. Puri cation step was carried out by the method used by Adepoju et al (2020a) [21] with modi cations as; the recovered catalyst was rst washed with methanol to remove the impurity at the surface of catalyst that occurred during the production of FAEE. The washed catalyst with methanol was centrifuged in an inbuilt heating vacuum centrifuge operated Loading [MathJax]/jax/output/CommonHTML/jax.js at rpm, and separated by decantation.…”