Methanol tolerant oxygen reduction on carbon-supported Pt–Ni alloy nanoparticles

Yang, Hui; Coutanceau, Christophe; Léger, Jean‐Michel; Alonso-Vante, Nicolás; ClaudeLamy,

doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2004.10.026

Cited by 214 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…This shift was within the typical range for the ORR with methanol in the electrolyte (acid medium), which is between 200 and 300 mV (Yang, Coutanceau et al, 2005;Lima, Lizcano-Valbuena et al, 2006;Jeyabharathi, Venkateshkumar et al, 2008;Li, Huang et al, 2008). However, to the best of our knowledge, no papers in the literature report a study involving the ORR with ethanol in the electrolyte.…”

Section: Electrochemical Experimentssupporting

confidence: 62%

“…An alternative method to minimize this problem to an acceptable level is the selective development of electrocatalysts for the ORR that are tolerant of methanol (Oh & Kim, 2008). These materials have been widely studied in the literature (Drillet, Ee et al, 2002;Scott, Shukla et al, 2004;Baranton, Coutanceau et al, 2005;Yang, Coutanceau et al, 2005;Díaz & Zinola, 2007;Lee, Zhang et al, 2007;Oh, Lee et al, 2007;Jeyabharathi, Venkateshkumar et al, 2008;Oh & Kim, 2008;Zignani, Antolini et al, 2008), but so far, few studies have been devoted to the case of ethanol in DEFCs (Andreadis & Tsiakaras, 2006;Lopes, Antolini et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Pt3Sn/C Electrocatalyst Used as the Cathode and Anode in a Single Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell

Parreira¹,

Rascio²,

Silva³

et al. 2012

IJC

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This paper presents a study involving the use of Pt 3 Sn/C electrocatalysts as cathodes and anodes in a single direct ethanol fuel cell. First, we studied the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using commercial Pt/C from ETEK and Pt 3 Sn/C as electrocatalysts with an alloy degree of 92 %. The electrocatalytic activity of the material for oxygen reduction was assessed using the rotating disk electrode technique (RDE). When Pt 3 Sn was tested for ORR in the presence of ethanol, the results showed greater tolerance to the cross-over effect than Pt/C in the electrochemical cell. The experiments in a single direct ethanol fuel cell showed that without oxygen pressurization of the cell, the maximum power density is higher using Pt 3 Sn/C as both cathode and anode than using Pt 3 Sn as an anode and Pt/C as a cathode. When using Pt 3 Sn/C as both the cathode and anode in a direct ethanol fuel cell, cell performance enhances.

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Section: Electrochemical Experimentssupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Pt3Sn/C Electrocatalyst Used as the Cathode and Anode in a Single Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell

Parreira¹,

Rascio²,

Silva³

et al. 2012

IJC

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“…56 The loss of catalytic activity of Pt/C has been observed for a wide variety of liquid fuels such as methanol, 56,57 ethanol, 47 ethylene glycol 47,58 and 2-propanol. 47 For example, the shift in potential with respect to E onset toward more negative values ( E onset ) can be as high as 620 mV in the presence of 0.125 M ethylene glycol, when Pt/C is used in acid media.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lattice strain may inhibit the dissociative chemisorption of the organic fuels that requires three neighboring Pt atoms to be activated. 57 Moreover, it has been reported that by Goodenough et al that at oxide materials, the ORR in alkaline media occurs by exchange of surface OH − . 59 For NiTiO 3 nanoparticles of 15-40 nm, the O-site present in the NiTiO 3-x (OH) x phase may be functioning as the reaction site for the ORR.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Nickel Titanate-Modified Pt Nanostructured Catalyst for the ORR in Alkaline Media

Hernández-Ramírez

Sánchez-Castro

Alonso-Lemus

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The electrocatalytic performance of novel Pt-NiTiO 3 /C catalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is investigated for the first time. The cathode has been synthesized in a two-step procedure. Firstly, the NiTiO 3 co-catalyst is obtained via a wet-chemical method. Then, 20% Pt-NiTiO 3 /C electrocatalysts (Pt:NiTiO 3 ratio of 1:1 at. %) is prepared by irradiating a mixture of NiTiO 3 , Vulcan and Pt precursor for 4 min in a microwave apparatus. As a reference, a 20% Pt/C catalyst has been synthesized by the same procedure. XRD analysis confirmed a crystalline NiTiO 3 with particle size between 25-40 nm. It also indicates the formation of nanostructured Pt-NiTiO 3 /C having a Pt particle size of less than 2 nm. TEM results show the formation of homogenously dispersed Pt nanoparticles, with particle size of 2.3 nm. The linear scan voltammograms show a performance for the ORR of Pt-NiTiO 3 /C as high as that of Pt/C in KOH. The results suggest that the reaction proceeds following a four-electron transfer mechanism. Moreover, the mass and specific activities of Pt-NiTiO 3 /C are the same as those of Pt/C, demonstrating good performance with less Pt. Furthermore, ORR selectivity tests show an enhanced tolerance of Pt-NiTiO 3 /C to 0. Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEMFCs) and Direct Alcohol Fuel Cells (DAFCs) are energy-producing devices with high conversion efficiency and zero or very low emission of greenhouse gases. 1-2Due to the feasibility of using H 2 as sustainable fuel or the alternative use of low-molecular weight liquid fuels with high energy density (for example CH 3 OH and C 2 H 5 OH), fuel cell systems have called the attention of research groups worldwide.1-5 Because of these energetic advantages compared to traditional heat engines, PEMFCs and DAFCs are promising as power sources for transportation, as well as portable and stationary applications. [3][4][5] Over the last decades, mostly acid membranes have been used during the development of PEM fuel cells. 6 However, recent advances in the synthesis of chemically stable anion-exchange membranes have open the opportunity for the development of Alkaline Fuel Cells (AFCs) fueled with H 2 or organic molecules (A-PEMFCs and ADAFCs, respectively). [7][8][9][10] AFCs are also of technical interest because their atmosphere is less corrosive than the operating conditions found inside PEM fuel cells, theoretically ensuring a longer life-cycle. 11-15Even more, the kinetics of the cathode reaction is faster in alkaline media than the analogous reaction in acid environment. 10,16,17 Nevertheless, the use of noble metals is highly relevant in the progress of A-PEMFCs and A-DAFCs, where electrocatalyst based on Pt are still widely used. 10,[16][17][18][19][20][21] This is particularly important in the case of the ORR, several orders of magnitude slower than the hydrogen oxidation reaction. In order to reduce the costs of cathode electrocatalysts, the amount of noble metal must be decreased, yet sustaining a high catalytic activity for the ORR. In addition to suc...

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“…18,19 These findings, however, are not universally consistent as other studies have found no effect, or a negative effect, on the inclusion of Ni in Pt MOR catalysts. [20][21][22] A consensus in the literature on the effect of Ni is further complicated by the choice of benchmark cat- * Electrochemical Society Active Member.…”

Section: -4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum Nickel Nanowires as Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysts

Alia

Pylypenko

Neyerlin

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Platinum (Pt) nickel (Ni) nanowires (PtNiNWs) are investigated as methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) catalysts in rotating disk electrode (RDE) half-cells under acidic conditions. Pt-ruthenium (Ru) nanoparticles have long been the state of the art MOR catalyst for direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs) where Ru provides oxophilic sites, lowering the potential for carbon monoxide oxidation and the MOR onset. Ru, however, is a precious metal that has long term durability concerns. Ni/Ni oxide species offer a potential to replace Ru in MOR electrocatalysis. PtNiNWs were investigated for MOR and oxygen annealing was investigated as a route to improve catalyst performance (mass activity 65% greater) and stability to potential cycling. The results presented show that PtNiNWs offer significant promise in the area, but also result in Ni ion leaching that is a concern requiring further evaluation in fuel cells. These materials have shown exceptional oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) mass activities and promising durability in rotating disk electrode (RDE) studies. These materials are also of interest in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) applications as a potential replacement for standard Pt-ruthenium (Ru) methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) catalysts.High catalyst loadings and relatively high overpotential losses have limited the commercial viability of DMFCs. In addition to ORR which limits the efficiency of hydrogen fuel cells, DMFCs are also limited by the efficiency of catalysts in MOR. While DMFCs and proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) each use ORR catalysts at the cathode, MOR commonly requires an overpotential 300-400 mV greater than the hydrogen oxidation reaction. DMFCs typically use Pt-Ru as MOR catalysts to limit overpotential losses. Pt is effective at adsorbing methanol and partially oxidizing methanol through a number of intermediates, but is prone to carbon monoxide poisoning. Ru is typically added to provide hydroxide by hydrolysis at a lower potential than possible on Pt, lowering the methanol and carbon monoxide oxidation step through a bifunctional effect. 2-4Pt-Ni systems have been investigated as potential MOR catalysts, where they have shown promise in density functional theory calculations. Mavrikakis et al. and Rossmeisl et al. studied mono-and bi-metallic materials for MOR, and calculated that Pt-Ni alloys, as terraces or steps gave MOR onset potentials comparable to Pt-Ru alloys. [5][6][7] In experimental practice, the development of Pt-Ni alloy MOR catalysts has shown mixed results. The majority of acidic MOR studies on Pt-Ni alloys have focused on carbon-supported nanoparticles (on occasion unsupported) or electrodeposited films, finding an improvement to the peak activity, a shift in the onset to a lower potential, or improved activity in potential holds compared to carbonsupported Pt nanoparticles or Pt films. [8][9][10][11][12][13] Pt-Ni or Pt-Ni-Ru alloys have also shown improved activity compared to Pt-Ru nanoparticles or films.14-17 Pt-Ni alloys, or the inclusion of Ni oxide, have also...

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Methanol tolerant oxygen reduction on carbon-supported Pt–Ni alloy nanoparticles

Cited by 214 publications

References 47 publications

A Pt3Sn/C Electrocatalyst Used as the Cathode and Anode in a Single Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell

A Pt3Sn/C Electrocatalyst Used as the Cathode and Anode in a Single Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell

Evaluation of the Nickel Titanate-Modified Pt Nanostructured Catalyst for the ORR in Alkaline Media

Platinum Nickel Nanowires as Methanol Oxidation Electrocatalysts

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