Methanol-tolerant cathode electrode structure composed of heterogeneous composites to overcome methanol crossover effects for direct methanol fuel cell

Methanol oxidation behaviors of PtRu nanoparticles deposited onto binary carbon supports for direct methanol fuel cells

“…In this study, binary carbon-supported PtRu catalysts were prepared using two carbon supports, i.e., CBs and MWCNTs, (2) where Q is the electric charge for hydrogen desorption and the value of the hydrogen adsorption constant for polycrystalline Pt is 0.22 mC/cm -2 . The calculated ECSA values are shown in Table 1, which also summarizes other catalyst data.…”

“…where d is the mean Pt particle diameter in Å (from TEM results) and is the density of Pt metal (21.4 g/cm 2 ). The utilization efficiency can subsequently be calculated using the following formula [11]:…”

“…Their performance is nevertheless limited because of the slow kinetics of methanol electro-oxidation at the anode, catalyst poisoning, and the methanol crossover phenomenon. The poisoning of the anode catalysts by carbon monoxide, an intermediate of the anodic methanol oxidation, is one of the causes of the slow kinetics of the anode reaction, which is a major challenge that needs to be overcome to increase the catalyst efficiency and power density [1,2].…”

Pt and RhPt dendritic nanowires and their potential application as anodic catalysts for fuel cells

“…2 The poisoning issue is particularly signicant for methanol based fuels cells as in addition to CO adsorption, they also have a tendency to undergo crossover poisoning, in which methanol crosses over the polyelectrolyte membrane and poisons the cathode. [3][4][5] In an attempt to mitigate this issue researchers have looked for various alternative types of fuels. To this end, formic acid stands as a promising substitute to methanol as in addition to low toxicity, it is also less susceptible to undergo fuel crossover poisoning and has shown fast oxidation kinetics.…”

Template synthesis of mesoporous nanofilms and nanowires and their applications

“…For methanol oxidation, catalysts have several issues which need to be overcome: for example, carbon monoxide generated from methanol oxidation blocks the active sites of catalysts to prevent the further oxidation of methanol [166].…”