Methanol Synthesis with Steel-Mill Gases: Simulation and Practical Testing of Selected Gas Utilization Scenarios

Girod, Kai; Lohmann, Heiko; Schlüter, Stefan; Kaluza, Stefan

doi:10.3390/pr8121673

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…33 It is worth noting that a mixed CO, CO 2 , and H 2 feed gas, instead of pure CO 2 or pure CO with H 2 , is utilized in the fixed-bed catalysis, where the CO 2 :CO ratio range is 0.5–4. 1,34,35 Interestingly, the isotopic-labeling experiments revealed that CO 2 is the dominant carbon source for methanol production, accounting for more than 90% of the carbon in methanol. 24 On the other hand, the CO-free CO 2 /H 2 feed gas leads to a more oxidizing atmosphere.…”

Section: Cza Industrial Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper-based catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation: a perspective on active sites

Shi¹,

Ma²,

Liu³

2023

EES. Catal.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Cza Industrial Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper-based catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation: a perspective on active sites

Shi¹,

Ma²,

Liu³

2023

EES. Catal.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, the approaches are not optimized for today's challenges related to smaller capacities, integration into other processes (e.g., steelworks,) and fluctuating operation (e.g., related to POG availability and/or H 2 availability from renewables). Recently, these challenges have increasingly become the focus of research [7,[35][36][37][38][39]. In addition, the techno-economic evaluation of these processes is of great interest [40][41][42].…”

Section: State-of-the-art Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorizing Steelworks Gases by Coupling Novel Methane and Methanol Synthesis Reactors with an Economic Hybrid Model Predictive Controller

Hauser

Wolf-Zoellner

Haag

et al. 2022

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

To achieve the greenhouse gas reduction targets formulated in the European Green Deal, energy- and resource-intensive industries such as the steel industry will have to adapt or convert their production. In the long term, new technologies are promising. However, carbon capture storage and utilization solutions could be considered as short-term retrofitting solutions for existing steelworks. In this context, this paper presents a first experimental demonstration of an approach to the utilization of process off-gases generated in a steelworks by producing methane and methanol in hydrogen-intensified syntheses. Specifically, the integration of two methane synthesis reactors and one methanol synthesis reactor into a steel plant is experimentally simulated. An innovative monitoring and control tool, namely, a dispatch controller, simulates the process off-gas production using a digital twin of the steel plant and optimizes its distribution to existing and new consumers. The operating states/modes of the three reactors resulting from the optimization problem to be solved by the dispatch controller are distributed in real time via an online OPC UA connection to the corresponding experimental plants or their operators and applied there in a decentralized manner. The live coupling test showed that operating values for the different systems can be distributed in parallel from the dispatch controller to the test rigs via the established communication structure without loss. The calculation of a suitable control strategy is performed with a time resolution of one minute, taking into account the three reactors and the relevant steelworks components. Two of each of the methane/methanol synthesis reactors were operated error-free at one time for 10 and 7 h, respectively, with datasets provided by the dispatch controller. All three reactor systems were able to react quickly and stably to dynamic changes in the load or feed gas composition. Consistently high conversions and yields were achieved with low by-product formation.

show abstract

“…The separation can be carried out by means of membrane processes [8,9] or ad-/absorption processes [10,11]. Another possibility is to use BFG and/or BOFG directly as a carbon source for technical syntheses such as urea [12], methanol [13][14][15] or methane synthesis [15][16][17][18][19]. This skips the step of separation, but leads to other challenges.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Synthetic Steel Gases in an Additively Manufactured Reactor for Catalytic Methanation

et al. 2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The path to European climate neutrality by 2050 will require comprehensive changes in all areas of life. For large industries such as steelworks, this results in the need for climate-friendly technologies. However, the age structure of existing steelworks makes transitional solutions such as carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) necessary as short-term measures. Hence, a purposeful option is the integration of technical syntheses such as methanation into the overall process. This work summarizes hydrogen-intensified methanation experiments with synthetic steel gases in the novel additively manufactured reactor ‘ADDmeth1′. The studies include steady-state operating points at various reactor loads. Blast furnace gas (BFG), basic oxygen furnace gas (BOFG) and three mixtures of these two gases serve as carbon sources. The methanation achieved methane yields of 93.5% for BFG and 95.0% for BOFG in the one-stage once-through setup. The results suggest a kinetic limitation in the case of BFG methanation, while an equilibrium limitation is likely for BOFG. There is a smooth transition in all respects between the two extreme cases. The reaction channel inlet temperature ϑin showed a large influence on the reactor ignition behavior. By falling below the threshold value, a blow-off occurred during experimental operation. By means of a simulation model, practical operating maps were created which characterize permissible operating ranges for ϑin as a function of the gas composition and the reactor load.

show abstract

Methanol Synthesis with Steel-Mill Gases: Simulation and Practical Testing of Selected Gas Utilization Scenarios

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Copper-based catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation: a perspective on active sites

Copper-based catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation: a perspective on active sites

Valorizing Steelworks Gases by Coupling Novel Methane and Methanol Synthesis Reactors with an Economic Hybrid Model Predictive Controller

Utilization of Synthetic Steel Gases in an Additively Manufactured Reactor for Catalytic Methanation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Methanol Synthesis with Steel-Mill Gases: Simulation and Practical Testing of Selected Gas Utilization Scenarios

Cited by 5 publications

References 16 publications

Copper-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation: a perspective on active sites

Copper-based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation: a perspective on active sites

Valorizing Steelworks Gases by Coupling Novel Methane and Methanol Synthesis Reactors with an Economic Hybrid Model Predictive Controller

Utilization of Synthetic Steel Gases in an Additively Manufactured Reactor for Catalytic Methanation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Copper-based catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation: a perspective on active sites

Copper-based catalysts for CO₂ hydrogenation: a perspective on active sites