Methanol mediated direct CO2 hydrogenation to hydrocarbons: Experimental and kinetic modeling study

Recent advances of single-atom catalysts in CO2 conversion

“…The C 1 products such as CO, CH 4 , CH 3 OH, and HCOOH mostly synthesized via direct route, 206,211 C 2+ hydrocarbons, and oxygenates (e.g., CH 3 OCH 3 , olefins, liquid fuels, and higher alcohols) are primarily performed via modified CO 2 -Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) or the CO 2methanol-mediated process. 206,212,213 During the process of modified CO 2 -FTS, CO 2 was firstly reduced to CO or syngas by the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, followed by CO hydrogenation into C 2+ products via C-C coupling. 214,215 The methanol-mediated process integrates CO 2 reduction to CH 3 OH and CH 3 OH dehydration or coupling into C 2+ products.…”

Selective CO2hydrogenation over zeolite-based catalysts for targeted high-value products

“…20,21 The hydrogenation of CO 2 to hydrocarbons (HCs) via heterogeneous catalysis can be classied into two leading mechanisms: the modied Fischer-Tropsch synthesis [22][23][24][25] and methanol mediate route. 26,27 It is widely reported that the modied Fischer-Tropsch synthesis of CO 2 conversion (CO 2 -FTS) is a tandem reaction involving the reverse water gas shi (RWGS), which converts CO 2 to CO via eqn (1), followed by the conventional FTS, which converts the syngas (CO, H 2 ) to hydrocarbons via eqn (2). [28][29][30] RWGS:…”

“…For the CO 2 conversion via methanol mediated route (CO 2 -MTH), the first step involves the exothermic reaction of CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol, followed by the methanol to hydrocarbons such as esters, 14 olefins (MTO) 31 and aromatics (MTA). 26,32 Although the catalyst activity for CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol has been remarkably improved in recent years, the maximum CO 2 conversion is typically limited by the thermodynamic equilibrium described in eqn (3) and (4). 8 CO 2 + 3H 2 ⇌ CH 3 OH + H 2 O, Δ H 298K = −49.5 kJ mol −1 …”

Carbon neutral methanol from pulp mills towards full energy decarbonization: an inside perspective and critical review

“…Novel bifunctional catalysts can also be employed to promote RWGS activity (R2) and consequent CO hydrogenation (R3). 94 This is also helpful because R2 reduces the necessity of heat removal resulting from the exothermic nature of R1 and R3. In any case, processing a mixture of CO, CO 2 and H 2 seems to be most efficient for practical integrated biorefineries and thus is the concept considered in the novel design proposed in Fig.…”