Methanol Extract of Dicranopteris linearis Leaves Attenuate Pain via the Modulation of Opioid/NO-Mediated Pathway

Abstract

Dicranopteris linearis leaf has been reported to exert antinociceptive activity. The present study elucidates the possible mechanisms of antinociception modulated by the methanol extract of D. linearis leaves (MEDL) using various mouse models. The extract (25, 150, and 300 mg/kg) was administered orally to mice for 30 min priot to subjection to the acetic acid-induced writhing-, hot plate- or formalin-test to establish the antinociceptive profile of MEDL. The most effective dose was then used in the elucidation of possible mechanisms of action stage. The extract was also subjected to the phytochemical analyses. The results confirmed that MEDL exerted significant (p < 0.05) antinociceptive activity in those pain models as well as the capsaicin-, glutamate-, bradykinin- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced paw licking model. Pretreatment with naloxone (a non-selective opioid antagonist) significantly (p < 0.05) reversed MEDL effect on thermal nociception. Only l-arginine (a nitric oxide (NO) donor) but not N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME; a NO inhibitor) or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ; a specific soluble guanylyl cyclase inhibitor) significantly (p < 0.05) modified MEDL effect on the writhing test. Several polyphenolics and volatile antinociceptive compounds were detected in MEDL. In conclusion, MEDL exerted the opioid/NO-mediated antinociceptive activity, thus, justify D. linearis as a potential source for new analgesic agents development.

Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activities of Dicranopteris linearis leaf extract against paracetamol-induced liver intoxication in rats

“…Concurrently, MEDL was also previously demonstrated to exert the similar effects. Furthermore, silymarin was also reported to attenuate PCM-induced liver intoxication via its anti-inflammatory potential, an activity that was also reported for MEDL (Zakaria et al 2020) and further supported by the absence of inflammation in the PCM-intoxicated liver tissue that was pre-treated with MEDL following the present qualitative histopathological scoring (Zakaria et al 2017). Since EADL triggers hepatoprotective activity via an similar mechanisms of action that was comparable to silymarin, it is plausible to suggest that D. linearis could be potentially developed as an alternative hepatoprotective agent for future human consumption.…”

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“…Pain sensation in the acetic acid-induced writhing method is elicited by triggering localized inflammatory response resulting release of free arachidonic acid from tissue phospholipid 41 via cyclooxygenase (COX) and prostaglandin biosynthesis 42 . Increasing prostaglandin levels within the peritoneal cavity enhance inflammatory pain by increasing capillary permeability 43 . The acetic acid-induced writhing method was found efficient for assessing peripherally active analgesics effect.…”

Antinociceptive Synergism of Pomegranate Peel Extract and Acetylsalicylic Acid in an Animal Pain Model

“…We determined the role of the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) pathway in the modulation of PoPEx and the PoPEx-ASA combination in antinociceptive activity. The method described by Zakaria et al [ 85 ] was adopted with slight modifications. Two experiments were designed.…”