Methanol economy and net zero emissions: critical analysis of catalytic processes, reactors and technologies

Abstract

The overuse of fossil fuels has led to the disruption of balance of the carbon cycle: transportation and electricity generation sectors are the most contributors. Among other greenhouse gases, CO2...

Efficiency of thermo–photocatalytic production of hydrogen from biomolecules: a multifaceted perspective

“…Yet, the building up a commercial technology will require significant improvement to compete with the well-established (and gray but not green) methane dry reforming process. 3,4 The more environmentally benign energy-intensive water-electrolysis would also be a benchmark reference if combined with solar (photo-voltaic) energy supply.…”

“…Yet, building up a commercial technology will require a significant improvement to compete with the well-established (and gray but not green) methane dry reforming process. 3,4 The more environmentally benign energy-intensive water-electrolysis would also be a benchmark reference if combined with a solar (photovoltaic) energy supply. Nevertheless, at present, the water electrolysis economic viability is restricted by the need of more efficient and stable membranes as well as working around the clock, which in turn would require other energy sources in addition to the sun.…”

Thermocatalytic CO2conversion by siliceous matter: a review

“…Therefore, carbon capture/storage/utilization (CCSU or CCUS) is oen considered as the most feasible technology to attain the established goal of net-zero carbon emission by many countries, with CO 2 utilization as the key process in achieving a circular carbon economy by providing a closed-loop carbon cycle through which the recycled carbonaceous gaseous waste can be used as a secondary carbon feedstock to replace fossil fuel. 2,3 With the increasing global demand for energy, it is urgent to adopt the maximum CO 2 utilization in vital carbon-intensive industries to transition towards a sustainable future. 4 In this scenario, it is recommended to stop exploiting fossil fuels from the "underground" and instead extract chemicals from the "air", considering the abundance of human-propagated CO 2 as the only carbon-containing motif in the atmosphere.…”

Direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from CO2 hydrogenation over a highly active, selective and stable catalyst containing Cu–ZnO–Al2O3/Al–Zr(1 : 1)-SBA-15

“…Highly active methanol synthesis catalysts must possess a few characteristics such as a high surface area of the metal function, defect formation in copper nanoparticles, and, lastly, strong metal-support interaction (SMSI). 28,29 Several bimetallic compounds supported on metal oxides are employed in the CO 2 hydrogenation reaction for methanol synthesis, such as Cu-Zn, Pd-Ga, Cu-Ce, Cu-Fe, Ni-Ga, etc. 20,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35] Among them, Cu-ZnO based catalysts have shown the highest efficiency in terms of yield and cost.…”