Methane on the greenhouse agenda

Hogan, Kathleen B.; Hoffman, John S.; Thompson, Anne M.

doi:10.1038/354181a0

Cited by 97 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Each year, approximately lo1 tons of CH, are produced by the activity of methanogenic Archaea (Hogan et al, 1991 ;CrutZen, 1991;Schlesinger, 1997). Approximately one third of the CH, is generated from CO, and H, and is thus formed in a process discriminating against 13C in atmospheric CO,, which contains 98.9% "C and 1.1 % I T .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Active Species of ‘CO₂’ Utilized by Formylmethanofuran Dehydrogenase from Methanogenic Archaea

Vorholt

Thauer

1997

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Formylmethanofuran dehydrogenase from methanogenic Archaea catalyzes the reversible conversion of CO, and methanofuran to formylmethanofuran, which is an intermediate in methanogenesis from CO,, a biological process yielding approximately 0.3 billion tons of CH, per year. With the enzyme from Methanosarcinu barkeri, it is shown that CO, rather than HCO; is the active species of 'CO,' utilized by the dehydrogenase. Evidence is also presented that the enzyme catalyzes a methanofuran-dependent exchange between COz and the formyl group of formylmethanofuran. The results are consistent with Ncarboxymethanofuran being an intermediate in CO, reduction to formylmethanofuran.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Active Species of ‘CO₂’ Utilized by Formylmethanofuran Dehydrogenase from Methanogenic Archaea

Vorholt

Thauer

1997

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…For example, in test 3 (1991), the tracer and methane levels had percent standard deviations of approximately 42% and 30%, while the ratio (C,/CWIt) had a percent standard deviation of 57%. However, the calculated flux, which depends upon the ratio as well as the source-receptor geometry (see eqs 2 and 31, had a variability of only 32%. The fact that the final flux estimate has a variability comparable to the variations in concentrations and less than the ratio of concentrations suggests that the single tracer release model correctly accounts for the methane and tracer source-receptor geometry and for the vertical diffusion rates of both gases.…”

Section: Methane Emissions From Gas Production Facilitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Atmospheric Tracer Methods To Measure Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Facilities and Urban Areas

Lamb¹,

McManus²,

Shorter³

et al. 1995

Environ. Sci. Technol.

126

132

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A new, integrated methodologyto locate and measure methane emissions from natural gas systems has been developed. Atmospheric methane sources are identified by elevated ambient CH4 concentrations measured with a mobile laser-based methane analyzer. The total methane emission rate from a source is obtained by simulating the source with a sulfur hexafluoride (SFS) tracer gas release and by measuring methane and tracer concentrations along downwind sampling paths using mobile, real-time analyzers. Combustion sources of methane are distinguished from noncombustion sources by concurrent ambient carbon dioxide measurements. Three variations on the tracer ratio method are described for application to (1) small underground vaults, (2) aboveground natural gas facilities, and (3) diffuse methane emissions from an entire town. Results from controlled releases and from replicate tests demonstrate thatthe tracer ratio approach can yield total emission rates to within approximately &15%. The estimated accuracy of emission estimates for urban areas with a variety of diffuse emissions is &50%.

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“…This goal requires the reduction of anthropogenic CH 4 sources by about 30%. Most CH 4 sources are susceptible to reductions, many in ways that are otherwise beneficial (55,56). Reduction of CH 4 would have the added benefit of increasing atmospheric OH and reducing tropospheric O 3 , a pollutant that is harmful to human health and agriculture (57).…”

Section: An Alternative Scenariomentioning

confidence: 99%

Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario

Hansen

Sato

Ruedy

et al. 2000

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

922

557

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A common view is that the current global warming rate will continue or accelerate. But we argue that rapid warming in recent decades has been driven mainly by non-CO 2 greenhouse gases (GHGs), such as chlorofluorocarbons, CH 4, and N2O, not by the products of fossil fuel burning, CO 2 and aerosols, the positive and negative climate forcings of which are partially offsetting. The growth rate of non-CO 2 GHGs has declined in the past decade. If sources of CH 4 and O3 precursors were reduced in the future, the change in climate forcing by non-CO 2 GHGs in the next 50 years could be near zero. Combined with a reduction of black carbon emissions and plausible success in slowing CO 2 emissions, this reduction of non-CO 2 GHGs could lead to a decline in the rate of global warming, reducing the danger of dramatic climate change. Such a focus on air pollution has practical benefits that unite the interests of developed and developing countries. However, assessment of ongoing and future climate change requires compositionspecific long-term global monitoring of aerosol properties.climate change ͉ greenhouse gases ͉ aerosols ͉ air pollution

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Methane on the greenhouse agenda

Cited by 97 publications

References 4 publications

The Active Species of ‘CO₂’ Utilized by Formylmethanofuran Dehydrogenase from Methanogenic Archaea

The Active Species of ‘CO₂’ Utilized by Formylmethanofuran Dehydrogenase from Methanogenic Archaea

Development of Atmospheric Tracer Methods To Measure Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Facilities and Urban Areas

Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario

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Methane on the greenhouse agenda

Cited by 97 publications

References 4 publications

The Active Species of ‘CO2’ Utilized by Formylmethanofuran Dehydrogenase from Methanogenic Archaea

The Active Species of ‘CO2’ Utilized by Formylmethanofuran Dehydrogenase from Methanogenic Archaea

Development of Atmospheric Tracer Methods To Measure Methane Emissions from Natural Gas Facilities and Urban Areas

Global warming in the twenty-first century: An alternative scenario

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The Active Species of ‘CO₂’ Utilized by Formylmethanofuran Dehydrogenase from Methanogenic Archaea

The Active Species of ‘CO₂’ Utilized by Formylmethanofuran Dehydrogenase from Methanogenic Archaea