Methane emissions from the rumen of sheep fed a mixed grass-clover pasture at two fertilisation rates in early and late season

Mbanzamihigo, Léonidas; Fievez, Veerle; Gomez, C. da Costa; Piattoni, Federica; Carlier, L.; Demeyer, Daniël

doi:10.4141/a01-042

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…They continuously injected C 2 H 4 into the rumen and simultaneously collected rumen gas, which was then analysed for C 2 H 4 and principal rumen gases such as CH 4 , H 2 , CO 2 , H 2 S and O 2 to study gas kinetics in the rumen headspace. Total CH 4 production can be calculated by dividing the proportion of CH 4 by the proportion of C 2 H 4 in the collected gas and multiplying the fraction by total C 2 H 4 infused into the rumen (Mbanzamihigo et al 2002).…”

Section: Gas Tracer Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Kebreab¹,

Clark²,

et al. 2006

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. Considerable evidence of climate change associated with emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG) has resulted in international efforts to reduce GHG emissions. The agriculture sector contributes about 8% of GHG emissions in Canada mostly through methane (CH 4 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O). The objective of this paper was to compile an integrative review of CH 4 and N 2 O emissions from livestock by taking a whole cycle approach from enteric fermentation to manure treatment and storage, and field application of manure. Basic microbial processes that result in CH 4 production in the rumen and hindgut of animals were reviewed. An overview of CH 4 and N 2 O production processes in manure, and controlling factors are presented. Most of the studies conducted in relation to enteric fermentation were in dairy and beef cattle. To date, research has focussed on GHG emissions from the stored manures of dairy, beef cattle and swine; therefore, we focus our review on these. Several methods used to measure GHG emissions from livestock and stored manure were reviewed. A comparison of methods showed that there were agreements between most of the techniques but some systematic differences were also observed. Additional studies with comprehensive comparisons of methodologies are needed in order to allow for comparison of results obtained from studies using contrasting methodologies. The need to standardize measurement methods and reporting to facilitate comparison of results and data integration was identified. Prediction equations are often used to calculate GHG emissions. Various types of mathematical approaches, such as statistical models, mechanistic models and estimates calculated from emission factors, and studies that compare various types of models are discussed herein. A lack of process-based models describing GHG emissions from manure during storage was identified. A brief description of mitigation strategies focussing on recent studies is given. Reduction in CH 4 emissions from ruminants through the addition of fats in diets and the use of more starch was achieved and a transient beneficial effect of ionophores was reported. Grazing management and genetic selection also hold promise. Studies focussed on manure treatment options that have been suggested to reduce gas fluxes from manure storage, composting, anaerobic digestion (AD), diet manipulation, covers and solid-liquid separation, were reviewed. While some of these options have been shown to decrease GHG emissions from stored manure, different studies have obtained conflicting results, and additional research is needed to identify the most promising options. GHG emissions from pasture and croplands after manure application have been the subject of several experimental and modelling studies, but few of these have linked field emissions to diet manipulation or manure treatments. Further work focussing on the entire cycle of GHG formation from feed formulation, animal metabolism, excreta treatment and storage, to field application of manure needs to be conducted. attribua...

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Section: Gas Tracer Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Methane and nitrous oxide emissions from Canadian animal agriculture: A review

Kebreab¹,

Clark²,

et al. 2006

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“…Monte Carlo analysis (Clark et al 2003) indicates that the greatest uncertainty in the national CH 4 emissions inventory is that emitted from ruminant livestock. This is due to the large animal-to-animal variation in CH 4 emission expressed per kg dry matter intake (kg DMI) (Johnson et al 1994;Lassey et al 1997;Boadi et al 2002a,b;Mbanzamihigo et al 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The possible influence of intra-ruminal sulphur hexafluoride release rates on calculated methane emissions from cattle

Vlaming

Brookes²,

Hoskin³

et al. 2007

Can. J. Anim. Sci.

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Vlaming, J. B., Brookes, I. M., Hoskin, S. O., Pinares-Patiño, C. S. and Clark, H. 2007. The possible influence of intra-ruminal sulphur hexafluoride release rates on calculated methane emissions from cattle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 87: 269-275. Estimates of methane (CH 4 ) production from grazing animals are routinely made using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF 6 ) tracer technique. While this technique is generally regarded as useful, some investigators report a higher variability in measurements when compared with calorimetry. The SF 6 technique is a marker dilution method in which a known release rate of SF 6 from an intra-ruminal permeation tube is used to calculate CH 4 emissions from the ratio of SF 6 :CH 4 in expired breath. The release rate of SF 6 is unique for each tube, and although calculated CH 4 emissions should be independent of SF 6 release rate, an analysis of research conducted in New Zealand has suggested a possible influence of SF 6 release rate upon calculated CH 4 emissions. A modified cross-over design, with two groups of six steers given either one (2.878 mg SF 6 d -1 ) or two (7.336 mg SF 6 d -1 ) permeation tubes and offered either energy maintenance (M) or 2 × M levels of feed intake was undertaken to determine the effect of SF 6 release rate and intake on calculated CH 4 emissions. A high SF 6 release rate elevated the calculated CH 4 emission per day (P < 0.001) and per kg dry matter intake (kg DMI) by 19% (P < 0.001) irrespective of the level of intake. Release rate of SF 6 can affect the calculated CH 4 emissions from animals when employing the SF 6 tracer technique. 269-275. On estime couramment la quantité de méthane (CH 4 ) libérée par les animaux en paissance en recourant à l'hexafluorure de soufre (SF 6 ) comme traceur. Malgré l'utilité généralement reconnue de cette technique, certains chercheurs signalent que les résultats obtenus varient plus que ceux venant de la calorimétrie. La technique du SF 6 consiste à diluer le marqueur puis à utiliser le taux de libération de SF 6 connu d'un tube de perméation intra-ruminal pour calculer les dégagements de CH 4 dans le volume d'air expiré au moyen du ratio SF 6 :CH 4 . Le taux de libération de SF 6 est unique à chaque tube et, si le calcul des émissions de CH 4 devrait en être indépendant, une analyse des travaux effectués en Nouvelle-Zélande laisse croire que le taux de libération de SF 6 pourrait en réalité influer sur le calcul des émissions de CH 4 . Les auteurs ont procédé à une expérience en chassé-croisé modifiée, attribuant à deux groupes de six bouvillons un (2,878 mg de SF 6 par jour) ou deux (7,336 mg de SF 6 par jour) tubes de perméation et une ration suffisante pour maintenir le bilan énergétique (M) ou le double de cette ration afin d'établir quel effet le taux de libération de SF 6 et le taux d'ingestion des aliments pouvait avoir sur le calcul des émissions de CH 4 . Un taux de libération élevé de SF 6 augmente les émissions de CH 4 par jour (P < 0,001) et par kg de matière sèche ingérée de 19 % (P < 0,001), peu importe le ...

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“…Permeation tubes were weighed daily up to 50 days and gas release rates (mmol/day) were calculated. Using HRPT permeation tubes with one 125 Am and one 250-Am-thick Teflon (PTFE) membrane and a tracer gas load of, on average 35 mmol, none of the three potential tracer gases showed as high or constant a release rate as was observed for SF 6 . However, ethane still seemed to be a promising gas when viewing the first 10 days of measurement.…”

Section: Testing the Alternative Tracer Gasesmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…This existing method operates at extremely low SF 6 concentrations using low-release permeation tubes (LRPT, 1-3 mg SF 6 /day) and results in concentrations of tracer gas from 20 to 200 ppt in the expired air collected. For SF 6 , these breath levels are still measurable by GC but none of the alternative tracer gases identified can be detected at such low concentrations. So the current LRPT permeation tubes cannot be used to deliver any other practical alternative tracer.…”

Section: Testing the Alternative Tracer Gasesmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…These gases have similar solubility to methane, with a low boiling point but are still able to be frozen in liquid N 2 during filling of the permeation tubes, and can be analysed at ppb levels by the photoacoustic analyser. Ethane has previously been used to measure ruminal methane production (e.g., [5,6]) but in these investigations ethane was directly infused into the rumen.…”

Section: Testing the Alternative Tracer Gasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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