Methane decomposition for hydrogen production: A comprehensive review on catalyst selection and reactor systems

Raza, Jehangeer; Khoja, Asif Hussain; Anwar, Matloob; Saleem, Faisal; Naqvi, Salman Raza; Liaquat, Rabia; Hassan, Muhammad; Javaid, Rahat; Qazi, Umair Yaqub; Lumbers, Brock

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2022.112774

Cited by 42 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 268 publications

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“…1a). 15 Raman spectroscopy analysis showed that sp 3 (single D band at B1350 cm À1 ) and sp 2 (single G band at B1600 cm À1 ) bands correspond to aromatic rings and carbon chain vibrations, respectively were the two diagnostic carbon stretching modes preserved following photoreaction. In addition, a noticeable D band enhancement was attributed to the formation of larger disordered carbon structures and defects induced by light irradiation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Fossil fuels continue to be the primary source of energy and feedstock chemicals for important industrial processes such as ammonia, methanol, olefin, and hydrogen production. [1][2][3] Currently, efforts are being made to transition towards more environmentally responsible alternatives. Carbon dioxide capture and utilization (CCU) for green fuels and feedstocks is a promising approach for combatting climate change.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon photochemistry: towards a solar reverse boudouard refinery

Viasus Pérez,

Restrepo-Florez,

et al. 2023

Energy Environ. Sci.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon photochemistry: towards a solar reverse boudouard refinery

Viasus Pérez,

Restrepo-Florez,

et al. 2023

Energy Environ. Sci.

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“…An increase in the temperature is known to increase the rate of reaction as the activation energy is an exponential function of temperature, hence increasing the conversion. 52 A long-term stability test was conducted for 30%Fe−5%Mo/ AC for 4 h, at 950 °C and 5000 mL/h•g cat of space velocity. In order to confirm the reproducibility of results, experiments were repeated three times.…”

Section: Reaction Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,15 These nanomaterials are widely applied in supercapacitors, fuel cells, polymer industries, catalysis, and photovoltaic industries. 16 As a result, a paradigm shift in the overall economics of hydrogen production can be achieved through successful technology development. As such, the production of H 2 along with carbon nanostructures through CDM has recently been an area of immense research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Methane to Hydrogen and Carbon Nanostructures with Fe–Mo Bimetallic Catalysts

Chulliyil,

Hamdani,

Ahmad

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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As a pathway to green hydrogen, the catalytic dehydrogenation of methane is an economical and CO x -free alternative to produce sufficient volumes of hydrogen to address energy sustainability. This work attempts to develop a catalyst to enhance conversion, stability, and favorable carbon nanostructures. Monometallic Fe catalysts were synthesized on a mesoporous carbon template to identify the best catalyst synthesis methodology covering incipient wetness, hydrothermal, and wet impregnation methods. As a logical step to enhance the conversion, stability, and ease of separation of the catalyst from the product carbon, a bimetallic Fe−Mo was synthesized on the same mesoporous carbon template for the first time, using the hydrothermal method, by varying the Mo loading from 2.5 to 15%. The optimal catalyst design had a composition of 30%Fe−5%Mo with a specific surface area of 606.9 g/m 2 , offering the highest conversion and stability, at a temperature of 950 °C. The highest conversion corresponded to the lowest space velocity, highest reaction temperature, and highest CH 4 concentration, with a maximum conversion of 90% and being stable until the end of 2 h of reaction time. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the presence of Fe 2 O 3 and mixed oxides, Fe 2 (MoO 4 ) 3 and FeMoO 4 in the bimetallic catalyst. The initial H 2 yield was ∼61%, and it decreased during the reaction, reaching 48% after 4 h of reaction. Various structural, textural, and morphological characterizations of the catalyst pre-and postreaction were performed using advanced analytical techniques. Graphitic carbon, an Fe−Mo alloy, and FeMoO 4 phases were observed by XRD patterns of the spent catalyst. Carbon depositions with varying morphologies were observed under different reaction conditions ranging from carbon nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes to agglomerates of nanoparticles and nanoflowers. A well-defined network of carbon nanoflowers along with bamboo-shaped carbon nanotubes could be observed over the surface of the best catalyst under the optimized reaction conditions.

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“…A methane molecule (CH 4 ) consists of four identical sp 3 -hybridized C–H bonds and thus is a highly stable molecule at room-temperature and pressure, having bond-energy of 435 kJ/mol. The noncatalytic thermal decomposition of methane is highly endothermic (Δ H 298K = 75.6 kJ/mol) and occurs at temperatures of or above 900 °C, where energy is required for C–H bond breaking . Methane degradation follows Le Chatelier’s principle, where low pressure and high temperature navigate the forward reaction.…”

Section: Catalytic Decomposition Of Methane (Cdm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermocatalytic Decomposition of Methane: A Review on Carbon-Based Catalysts

Hamdani,

Ahmad,

Chulliyil

et al. 2023

ACS Omega

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The global initiatives on sustainable and green energy resources as well as large methane reserves have encouraged more research to convert methane to hydrogen. Catalytic decomposition of methane (CDM) is one optimistic route to generate clean hydrogen and value-added carbon without the emission of harmful greenhouse gases, typically known as blue hydrogen. This Review begins with an attempt to understand fundamentals of a CDM process in terms of thermodynamics and the prerequisite characteristics of the catalyst materials. In-depth understanding of rate-determining steps of the heterogeneous catalytic reaction taking place over the catalyst surfaces is crucial for the development of novel catalysts and process conditions for a successful CDM process. The design of state-of-the-art catalysts through both computational and experimental optimizations is the need of hour, as it largely governs the economy of the process. Recent mono- and bimetallic supported and unsupported materials used in CDM process have been highlighted and classified based on their performances under specific reaction conditions, with an understanding of their advantages and limitations. Metal oxides and zeolites have shown interesting performance as support materials for Fe- and Ni-based catalysts, especially in the presence of promoters, by developing strong metal–support interactions or by enhancing the carbon diffusion rates. Carbonaceous catalysts exhibit lower conversions without metal active species and largely result in the formation of amorphous carbon. However, the stability of carbon catalysts is better than that of metal oxides at higher temperatures, and the overall performance depends on the operating conditions, catalyst properties, and reactor configurations. Although efforts to summarize the state-of-art have been reported in literature, they lack systematic analysis on the development of stable and commercially appealing CDM technology. In this work, carbon catalysts are seen as promising futuristic pathways for sustained H2 production and high yields of value-added carbon nanomaterials. The influence of the carbon source, particle size, surface area, and active sites on the activity of carbon materials as catalysts and support templates has been demonstrated. Additionally, the catalyst deactivation process has been discussed, and different regeneration techniques have been evaluated. Recent studies on theoretical models towards better performance have been summarized, and future prospects for novel CDM catalyst development have been recommended.

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Methane decomposition for hydrogen production: A comprehensive review on catalyst selection and reactor systems

Cited by 42 publications

References 268 publications

Carbon photochemistry: towards a solar reverse boudouard refinery

Carbon photochemistry: towards a solar reverse boudouard refinery

Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Methane to Hydrogen and Carbon Nanostructures with Fe–Mo Bimetallic Catalysts

Thermocatalytic Decomposition of Methane: A Review on Carbon-Based Catalysts

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